A Stabilized Retinal Image of the Iris

Ditchburn, R. W.; Fender, Derek H.; Mayne, Stella; Pritchard, R. M.

doi:10.1088/0370-1301/69/11/115

Cited by 5 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 4 publications

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“…temporal and spatial resolution eye tracking when the angle of reflection of a beam of light from the mirror on the contact lenses is recorded. This technique limited participant comfort (Barlow, 1963) and "the cost of providing a large number of subjects with contact lenses is prohibitive" (Ditchburn, Fender, Mayne, & Pritchard, 1956). Thus, only small numbers of participants could be tested for each experiment.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

What makes a microsaccade? A review of 70 years research prompts a new detection method

Hauperich

Young

Smithson

2020

JEMR

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We have developed a new method for detecting microsaccades in eye-movement data. The impetus was the review of the literature on microsaccades presented in this paper, which revealed (1) large changes in the size and speed of reported microsaccades over the last 70 years and (2) references to monocular microsaccades, which have recently been shown to be artefacts of analysis methods (Nyström et al, 2017; Fang et al, 2018). The changes in reported microsaccade characteristics, such as size and speed, must be due to experimental factors, such as methods of recording and analysis, and different levels of experience of the participants in the task: They cannot represent a change in the fundamental characteristics of microsaccades. In this paper we present a review of reported microsaccade properties between the 1940s and today and we determine the range within which certain physical parameters of microsaccades are thought to occur. These parameters drive our new microsaccade detection method. We have validated this method on two datasets of binocular eye-movements recorded using video-based systems: one from within our lab, and one from Nyström et al, 2017. We have additionally applied our method to eye-movement data collected using an adaptive optics scanning laser ophthalmoscope (AOSLO), to show its adaptability to a fundamentally different method of data capture. This confirmed that the microsaccade detection method produces microsaccade detection rates within expected limits across very different methods of recording. Our new microsaccade detection method is easy to implement and intuitive to understand, and affords researchers flexibility in adjusting it to their experimental set-up.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

What makes a microsaccade? A review of 70 years research prompts a new detection method

Hauperich

Young

Smithson

2020

JEMR

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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Vierte wissenschaftliche Sitzung

Bregeat¹,

Cibis²,

Harms

et al. 1965

Bericht Über Die 66. Zusammenkunft in Heidelberg 1964

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Microsaccades: Small steps on a long way

2009

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Contrary to common wisdom, fixations are a dynamically rich behavior, composed of continual, miniature eye movements, of which microsaccades are the most salient component. Over the last few years, interest in these small movements has risen dramatically, driven by both neurophysiological and psychophysical results and by advances in techniques, analysis, and modeling of eye movements. The field has a long history but a significant portion of the earlier work has gone missing in the current literature, in part, as a result of the collapse of the field in the 1980s that followed a series of discouraging results. The present review compiles 60 years of work demonstrating the unique contribution of microsaccades to visual and oculomotor function. Specifically, the review covers the contribution of microsaccades to (1) the control of fixation position, (2) the reduction of perceptual fading and the continuity of perception, (3) the generation of synchronized visual transients, (4) visual acuity, (5) scanning of small spatial regions, (6) shifts of spatial attention, (7) resolving perceptual ambiguities in the face of multistable perception, as well as several other functions. The accumulated evidence demonstrates that microsaccades serve both perceptual and oculomotor goals and although in some cases their contribution is neither necessary nor unique, microsaccades are a malleable tool conveniently employed by the visual system.

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A Stabilized Retinal Image of the Iris

Cited by 5 publications

References 4 publications

What makes a microsaccade? A review of 70 years research prompts a new detection method

What makes a microsaccade? A review of 70 years research prompts a new detection method

Vierte wissenschaftliche Sitzung

Microsaccades: Small steps on a long way

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