A Spreading-Activation Theory of Semantic Processing

Collins, Allan; Loftus, Elizabeth F.

doi:10.1016/b978-1-4832-1446-7.50015-7

Cited by 1,020 publications

(1,482 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…In these networks, concepts are represented by nodes in a network, and gain their functionality by their links to other concept nodes (Collins & Loftus, 1975;Quillian, 1967). Often times, these links are labeled, in which case different links refer to different kinds of relations between nodes.…”

Section: The Conceptual Webmentioning

confidence: 99%

Using relations within conceptual systems to translate across conceptual systems

Goldstone

2002

Cognition

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Section: The Conceptual Webmentioning

confidence: 99%

Using relations within conceptual systems to translate across conceptual systems

Goldstone

2002

Cognition

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“…Instead, we find it more likely that when episodic encoding activates the retrieval of semantic information (Nyberg et al, 1996;Prince et al, 2007;Tulving et al, 1994;Tulving & Markowitsch, 1998), it does so to varying degrees, based on the semantic associativity between the two items. Upon episodic memory retrieval, the semantic network is concurrently activated, and similar to the spreading-activation theory of semantic processing (Collins & Loftus, 1975), recall of any given word facilitates the recall of a second word to a degree proportional to the semantic relatedness between the two words. In summary, semantic memory activation occurs concurrently with episodic encoding and varies in intensity as a function of the relatedness between any two items within the semantic network on verbal tasks such as ours.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of semantic relatedness on recall of stimuli preceding emotional oddballs

Smith

Beversdorf

2008

J Int Neuropsychol Soc

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Semantic and episodic memory networks function as highly interconnected systems, both relying on the hippocampal0medial temporal lobe complex (HC0MTL). Episodic memory encoding triggers the retrieval of semantic information, serving to incorporate contextual relationships between the newly acquired memory and existing semantic representations. While emotional material augments episodic memory encoding at the time of stimulus presentation, interactions between emotion and semantic memory that contribute to subsequent episodic recall are not well understood. Using a modified oddball task, we examined the modulatory effects of negative emotion on semantic interactions with episodic memory by measuring the free-recall of serially presented neutral or negative words varying in semantic relatedness. We found increased free-recall for words related to and preceding emotionally negative oddballs, suggesting that negative emotion can indirectly facilitate episodic free-recall by enhancing semantic contributions during encoding. Our findings demonstrate the ability of emotion and semantic memory to interact to mutually enhance free-recall. (JINS, 2008, 14, 620-628.)

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“…The influence of category activation on information processing has been widely described in the literature and is supported by an abundance of empirical evidence. Many studies have documented that the use of a trait or stereotype influences not only the interpretation of recalled material but also influences attitudes (for reviews, see Anderson, 1983;Bargh, 1994;Collins & Loftus, 1975;Higgins, 1989;Wyer & Srull, 1981). However, Strack, Martin, and Stepper (1988) showed that recognizing the emotional expression is not a crucial precondition for the effects of embodiment.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Well, slap my thigh: Expression of surprise facilitates memory of surprising material.

Parzuchowski¹,

Szymków²

2008

Emotion

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Two studies examined the general prediction that one's emotional expression should facilitate memory for material that matches the expression. The authors focused on specific facial expressions of surprise. In the first study, participants who were mimicking a surprised expression showed better recall for the surprising words and worse recall for neutral words, relative to those who were mimicking a neutral expression. Study 2 replicated the results of Study 1, showing that participants who mimicked a surprised expression recalled more words spoken in a surprising manner compared with those that sounded neutral or sad. Conversely, participants who mimicked sad facial expressions showed greater recall for sad than neutral or surprising words. The results provide evidence of the importance of matching the emotional valence of the recall content to the facial expression of the recaller during the memorization period.

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A Spreading-Activation Theory of Semantic Processing

Cited by 1,020 publications

References 32 publications

Using relations within conceptual systems to translate across conceptual systems

Using relations within conceptual systems to translate across conceptual systems

Effects of semantic relatedness on recall of stimuli preceding emotional oddballs

Well, slap my thigh: Expression of surprise facilitates memory of surprising material.

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