A split-type photoelectrochemical immunosensor based on a high-performance In2O3/BiVO4 photoelectrode modulated by a ZIF-8 protective layer

Anti-Fouling Strategies of Electrochemical Sensors for Tumor Markers

“…The development of highly sensitive, accurate, and economical tumor marker detection methods is highly important for the early diagnosis and prognostic treatment of cancer [12,13]. In the past few decades, several sensitive assays for detecting tumor markers have been developed based on the specific immune response between antibodies and tumor markers, including immunofluorescence [14], colorimetric immunoassays [15], electrochemiluminescent immunoassays [16][17][18][19], radioimmunoassays [20], photoelectrochemical immunoassays [21][22][23][24][25][26], and electrochemical immunoassays [27][28][29][30][31][32][33][34][35][36]. Among these methods, electrochemical immunosensors are widely used because of their advantages of low costs, portability, high sensitivity, and fast response speeds, which have made electrochemical biosensors an essential basic tool for clinical diagnosis in many in situ and point-of-care (POC) situations [37,38].…”