A spiro-OMeTAD based semiconductor composite with over 100 °C glass transition temperature for durable perovskite solar cells

Ren, Yutong; Ren, Ming; Xie, Xinrui; Wang, Jianan; Cai, Yaohang; Yuan, Yi; Zhang, Jing; Wang, Peng

doi:10.1016/j.nanoen.2020.105655

Cited by 49 publications

(63 citation statements)

References 43 publications

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“…The devices with evaporated pristine spiro-OMeTAD and NPB did not show any signs of Au electrode migration and reached PCE EQE of 9.6% and 9.7%, respectively (Table ). We note that the instability of the TCTA/MoO 3 /Au stack is not directly related to the glass transition temperature ( T g ) of the organic HTL, as T g = 151 °C for TCTA is actually higher than that of spiro-OMeTAD ( T g = 121 °C) and NPB ( T g = 95 °C) . For further optimization, we selected a 10 nm NPB layer because of its higher V oc and more reproducible performance.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Thin Thermally Evaporated Organic Hole Transport Layers for Reduced Optical Losses in Substrate-Configuration Perovskite Solar Cells

Feleki

Weijtens

Wienk

et al. 2021

ACS Appl. Energy Mater.

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Parasitic optical absorption is one of the root causes of the moderate efficiency of metal halide perovskite solar cells (PSCs) with an opaque substrate configuration. Here, we investigate the reduction of these optical losses by using thin (7–10 nm), undoped, thermally evaporated 2,2′,7,7′-tetrakis[ N , N -di(4-methoxyphenyl)amino]-9,9′-spirobifluorene (spiro-OMeTAD), N , N ′-di(1-naphthyl)- N , N ′-diphenyl-(1,1′-biphenyl)-4,4′-diamine) (NPB), and tris(4-carbazoyl-9-ylphenyl)amine) (TCTA) hole transport layers (HTLs). Of these, NPB is found to offer the best compromise between efficiency and stability. In semitransparent n–i–p configuration PSCs with an indium tin oxide bottom and a MoO 3 /thin-Au/ZnS dielectric–metal–dielectric top electrode, NPB gives 14.9% and 10.7% efficiency for bottom and top illumination, respectively. The corresponding substrate-configuration PSC fabricated on an Au bottom electrode has 13.1% efficiency. Compared to a 14.0% efficient PSC with a thick spin-coated doped spiro-OMeTAD layer, the cell with NPB provides an improved short-circuit current density but has slightly lower open-circuit voltage and fill factor. Detailed analysis of the optical losses in the opaque devices demonstrates that evaporated NPB offers negligible parasitic absorption compared to solution-processed spiro-OMeTAD. The optical losses that remain are due to absorption and reflection of the transparent top electrode.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Thin Thermally Evaporated Organic Hole Transport Layers for Reduced Optical Losses in Substrate-Configuration Perovskite Solar Cells

Feleki

Weijtens

Wienk

et al. 2021

ACS Appl. Energy Mater.

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“…Density functional theory (DFT) calculations show that the HOMO energy level of p-NP-E is ranged between p-TAA and spiro-OMeTAD (Figure S1, Supporting Information), indicating its good potential for application in PSCs. Our studies have also shown that even mixed with a 7.5% mass content of nonvolatile 4-tert-butylpyridinium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide (BPTFSI), [25] the air-doped polymer composite thin film of p-NP-E already exhibits a larger hole mobility and a higher electrical conductivity than the control film with 15% BPTFSI of spiro-OMeTAD or p-TAA, which allows for the fabrication of 21.7%-efficiency PSCs. More importantly, the permeabilities of environmental water molecules and gaseous products from the thermal decomposition of perovskite are markedly damped in the p-NP-E based HTL, which enables a good PCE retention rate of PSCs after 1000 h aging at 85 °C.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 82%

“…Recall that a stable organic salt, BPTFSI, was previously employed to assist the air doping of spiro-OMeTAD for the fabrication of highly efficient PSCs. [25] The σ value of the doped spiro-OMeTAD and BPTFSI composite (mass ratio: 15/85) is measured as 25.4 μS cm −1 . Thereby we tried to mix BPTFSI with p-NP-E.…”

Section: Conductivity Hole Density and Hole Mobility Of Organic Thin Filmmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…On the basis of our previous finding on the influence of the T g of inert coating polymers on the τ of perovskite under the thermal stress of 85 °C. [25] It can be deduced that the τ of CsMAFA coated with p-TAA should be much shorter than 840 ns if charge extraction does not occur, because the T g of p-TAA (102 °C) is much lower than 208 °C of PVK. It is inferred that the φ cs value for the p-TAA device after aging could be much lower than 94.6%, which plays a dominant role for its reduced EQE maximum.…”

Section: Device Degradation Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Several reports have shown that thin films of doped spiro-OMeTAD with improved electrical conductivity [22,23] can be used to prepare high-efficiency PSCs, but the resultant devices encounter severe PCE degradations at 85 °C. [24,25] In contrast, although the film-forming property of p-TAA is better, the PCEs of PSCs fabricated with thin films of doped p-TAA are always reduced due to lower conductivity, and the device thermostability at 85 °C is still far from ideal. [18] Apart from p-TAA, regioregular poly(3hexylthiophene) (P3HT, Figure 1) has also been tested as HTL of PSCs.…”

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confidence: 99%

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A Perylene‐Based Conjugated Polymer Endows Perovskite Solar Cells with 85 °C Durability: The Control of Gas Permeation

Zhang

Ren

Xie

et al. 2021

Adv Funct Materials

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Organic-inorganic hybrid perovskites in high-efficiency solar cells are prone to degradation at elevated temperatures, especially in the presence of water moisture. A hole-transporting conjugated copolymer (abbreviated as p-NP-E) characteristic of alternating N-annulated perylene and 3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene backbones, to achieve thermostable perovskite solar cells (PSCs) via controlling gas permeation and thus perovskite decomposition is reported. p-NP-E can be conveniently prepared via Pd-catalyzed direct arylation polycondensation. The air-doped p-NP-E composite film containing nonvolatile 4-tert-butylpyridinium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide presents a higher hole mobility and an improved conductivity in comparison with the control based on the state-of-the-art polymer, p-TAA, leading to more efficient PSCs. More critically, the p-NP-E based hole transport layer is not only morphologically more heat-resistant, but also features a lower solubility coefficient and diffusion coefficient of both environmental water molecules and gaseous products such as CH 3 I and CH 3 NH 2 from the thermal decomposition of perovskite, enabling the fabrication of 21.7%-efficiency, 85 °C durable solar cells.

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Star‐Shaped Organic Semiconductor with Extraordinary Thermomechanical Property and Solution Processability for Stable Perovskite Solar Cells

Wei,

Zhang,

Ren

et al. 2023

Adv Funct Materials

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Achieving the desired thermomechanical properties for highly solution‐processable organic semiconductors is challenging but crucial for heat tolerance of emerging optoelectronic devices. To this end, the successful synthesis of triphenylene–ethylenedioxythiophene‐dimethoxytriphenylamine (TP–ETPA), a star‐shaped organic semiconductor, is reported through a direct arylation reaction that involves ETPA, an electron donor, being grafted densely onto TP, which possesses six electron‐equivalent functionalization sites. Remarkably, TP–ETPA exhibits significantly improved hole mobility compared to 2,2′,7,7′‐tetrakis(N,N‐di‐p‐methoxyphenyl‐amine)‐9,9′‐spirobifluorene (spiro‐OMeTAD) at a given hole density, owing to its lower energetic disorder, larger average centroid distance, and smaller reorganization energy. TP–ETPA, with a molecular weight of 2888 Da and lacking flexible chains, demonstrates extraordinary solubility in nonpolar solvents, enabling the formation of dense, pinhole‐free films through solution codeposition with an air‐doping promoter. By utilizing the p‐doped TP–ETPA composite as the hole transport layer, perovskite solar cells with an average power conversion efficiency of 23.4% are successfully fabricated. Notably, these devices display significantly enhanced operational stability and thermal stability at 85 °C. Molecular dynamics simulations reveal that the TP–ETPA‐based hole transport layer possesses a high cohesive energy density, resulting in a large elastic modulus and slow diffusion of external species.

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A spiro-OMeTAD based semiconductor composite with over 100 °C glass transition temperature for durable perovskite solar cells

Cited by 49 publications

References 43 publications

Thin Thermally Evaporated Organic Hole Transport Layers for Reduced Optical Losses in Substrate-Configuration Perovskite Solar Cells

Thin Thermally Evaporated Organic Hole Transport Layers for Reduced Optical Losses in Substrate-Configuration Perovskite Solar Cells

A Perylene‐Based Conjugated Polymer Endows Perovskite Solar Cells with 85 °C Durability: The Control of Gas Permeation

Star‐Shaped Organic Semiconductor with Extraordinary Thermomechanical Property and Solution Processability for Stable Perovskite Solar Cells

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