A Spectrophotometric Method for Detecting Blood in White-Shell Eggs

Brant, A. W.; Norris, Karl H.; Chin, Gilbert

doi:10.3382/ps.0320357

Cited by 40 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 8 publications

(6 reference statements)

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“…Protoporphyrin, the pigment responsible for the brown colour of the eggshell, also has three absorption bands (at 539, 589 and 643 nm). Below 500 nm, the eggshell itself absorbs most of the light, thus only the 577 nm band is useful for blood detection (Brant et al, 1953). Even at this wavelength there may be some influence of protoporphyrin because the absorption band at 589 nm is very close to 577 nm (Gielen et al, 1979).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Therefore, a relative measurement is required, such as the ratio between the transmission intensity at two wavelengths (577 nm and a reference band not influenced by the presence of haemoglobin). According to Brant et al (1953) and Gielen et al (1979), several reference wavelengths can be used. We used 610 nm as a reference, because transmission of light at this wavelength is influenced by neither the shell-pigment protoporphyrin, nor by haemoglobin.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Detection of early embryonic development in chicken eggs using visible light transmission

Bamelis

Tona²,

Baerdemaeker³

et al. 2002

British Poultry Science

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1. In two separate experiments, the possibility of detecting embryonic development in chicken eggs was assessed using the same spectrophotometric method used to detect blood in Table eggs, using a combination of two wavelengths (577 and 610 nm) of the transmission spectrum. 2. In the first experiment, during the first 10 d of incubation, transmission spectra of 30 Hisex White eggs and 30 Hybro eggs were measured daily. 3. In the second experiment, 292 Hisex White eggs were incubated. Seven groups were randomly assigned. Six received an injection of sodium azide (NaN3) at different times during incubation in order to stop embryonic development, and during the first 12 d of incubation the transmission spectrum was measured daily. The acoustic resonance analysis method was also used on a group of uninjected eggs. 4. In the first experiment, it was possible to detect embryonic development from 120 h of incubation onwards in fertile eggs. In the second experiment changes in light transmission due to embryonic development were detected from 108 h of incubation. Detection of embryonic development using the acoustic resonance analysis method in the second experiment was possible only from 120 h of incubation. 5. It was concluded that the detection of embryonic development using visible light transmission is not directly linked with the formation of blood, but with the formation of sub-embryonic fluid, which takes place from 72 h of incubation onwards. This fluid makes the yolk sac translucent so that absorption of light at 577 nm can be detected.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Detection of early embryonic development in chicken eggs using visible light transmission

Bamelis

Tona²,

Baerdemaeker³

et al. 2002

British Poultry Science

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“…The technique could be mechanized with a spectrophotometric method similar to that described by Brant et al (1953) to detect blood spots in white-shelled eggs. In addition, in the laying industry the technique would allow the identification and elimination of the majority of the nonalbino (male) population while conserving nearly all of the albino (female) population.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Method for Separating Sex-Linked Imperfect Albino (S*ALS) and Nonalbino Embryos Before Hatch

Santos

Silversides

1996

Poultry Science

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The feasibility of using the sex-linked gene for imperfect albinism (S*ALS) to sex chicks during incubation by candling was studied. With this technique, the dark eye of nonalbino embryos can be positively identified. Two trials were performed. In a first trial, 66.5 and 89.5% of the 254 nonalbino and 210 albino chicks produced in four hatches were correctly identified by candling at 7 d of incubation. Of 191 eggs predicted to be nonalbinos, 22 were albinos, resulting in an overall accuracy of 88.5% for identification of nonalbino embryos. In a second trial, the accuracy of the technique from 7 to 10 d of incubation was evaluated. Increased age resulted in a tendency for lower accuracy, but candling at 8, 9, or 10 d of incubation allowed identification of a greater (P < 0.05) proportion of the nonalbino population than at 7 d of incubation. Candling at 8 d of incubation allowed identification of nonalbinos and albinos with an accuracy of 81.3 and 84.9%, respectively, suggesting that the ALS gene could be used to sex chicks during incubation when used in a sex-linked cross. This technique may prove advantageous to the laying industry because of savings of incubator and hatcher space. The males of commercial layer lines are normally killed at hatch. Reducing the number that hatch by eliminating them before 10 d of incubation could diminish animal welfare concerns.

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“…The optically active pigment of blood, haemoglobin, has three main absorption peaks, namely at 415, 541 and 577 nm. As the calciferous shell of the egg absorbs all transmitted light beneath 550 nm, only the 577 nm absorption peak can be used to detect the presence of blood in eggs (Brant et al, 1953). An example of a transmission spectrum of a blanco and blood containing egg is given in Figure 4.…”

Section: Blood and Meat Spotsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Non-destructive measurements of the egg quality

Ketelaere

Bamelis

Kemps

et al. 2004

World's Poultry Science Journal

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Due to the increasing throughput of modern egg grading machines, which grade up to 120 000 eggs per hour, the visual inspection of eggs by humans ("candling"), becomes a critical bottleneck in the egg sorting chain. In order to assure a high and consistent egg quality, researchers investigated the use of modern sensor technologies to replace the candling operation. During the last decades, several types of sensors were developed, and it is believed that these sensors will replace human candling in the near future. A first class of sensors is based on mechanical techniques and allows investigation of the physical shell quality, such as the presence of cracks and shell strength. A second class is based upon spectroscopic principles and allows the operator to "see" through the egg shell in order to determine the internal quality of the eggs, such as albumen pH and viscosity and the presence of inclusions such as blood and meat spots. A third class of sensors aims at mimicking the human eye by means of a camera and a software platform ("computer vision"). Besides these types of sensors, some others based on ultrasonic, magnetic resonance and electronic nose principles are investigated and discussed. This paper gives an overview of these modern sensor technologies for egg grading.

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A Spectrophotometric Method for Detecting Blood in White-Shell Eggs

Cited by 40 publications

References 8 publications

Detection of early embryonic development in chicken eggs using visible light transmission

Detection of early embryonic development in chicken eggs using visible light transmission

A Method for Separating Sex-Linked Imperfect Albino (S*ALS) and Nonalbino Embryos Before Hatch

Non-destructive measurements of the egg quality

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