A spectrometer for measuring heavy reaction products

Some features of the ionization of nuclear reaction products

“…In Fig. 2 an example of the decomposition of the experimental charge distribution, obtained without charge exchange foil, into an equilibrium (normal) part and a number of possible sequential additional ionization events is shown [10]. As the Z and excitation energy of the recoil product increase, both the density of excited states and the internal conversion probability grow.…”

“…In the nuclei produced in heavy-ion fusion reactions, because of a large number of 7-transitions, the prob- ability of several vacancies to be formed on the deeply-lying atomic shells is high [-11, 12]. This leads to the fact that in the mass region of AN 145 from 70 to 90% of the fusion recoil atoms undergo additional ionization due to the formation of innershell vacancies occuring as a result of the internal conversion of several nuclear transitions [10,13]. In Fig.…”

“…The analysis of the possible mechanisms of the enhanced ionization of recoil atoms [6,10] has shown that the main mechanism is the ionization of atomic inner shells due to the internal conversion of nuclear transitions followed by Auger-cascades. In the nuclei produced in heavy-ion fusion reactions, because of a large number of 7-transitions, the prob- ability of several vacancies to be formed on the deeply-lying atomic shells is high [-11, 12].…”

“…Recoil en- ergies and energy spread were estimated on the basis of the reaction kinematics and from the range measurements in the catcher material. The experimental technique used is described in detail in papers [6,10].…”

Simulation of angular and energy distributions for heavy evaporation residues using statistical model approximations and TRIM code

“…In the bottom panel of Fig. 14, the charge-state distribution for 192 Pb produced in the 16 Oþ 182 W reaction [54] is also shown for comparison. These data were obtained with the use of a magnetic spectrograph and off-line g-activation technique for the detection of long-lived reaction products collected in the focal plane of the spectrograph.…”