A Specific Type of Organism Cultivated From Malignancy: Bacteriology and Proposed Classification*

Livingston, Virginia Wuerthele-Caspe; Alexander-Jackson, Eleanor

doi:10.1111/j.1749-6632.1970.tb45588.x

Cited by 35 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…For example, an amazing series of papers linking extremely pleomorphic bacteria and cancer was reported in 1970 in a symposium in the Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences. The first of these papers, by Wuetherle CaspeLivingston, reported the isolation of a specific type of highly pleomorphic microorganism found consistently in human and animal cancers [18] . Due to its remarkable pleomorphism, the organism was described as an ' 'unclassified mystery," but was apparently capable of resembling micrococci, diphcancer germ involved is not new, but merely a strain of Staphylococcus epidermidis.…”

Section: Recent Claims In Support Of the Existence Of Extreme Pleomormentioning

confidence: 99%

“…While recognizing that some of the early studies were undoubtedly flawed, Wuerthele-Caspe, et al, summed up the pleomorphist counterargument as follows: "the faults of the enthusiastic early workers were certainly no greater than the errors both of commission and omission made later on by some of the monomorphists whose views today dominate our textbooks" [18].…”

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confidence: 98%

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Extreme Pleomorphism and the Bacterial Life Cycle: A Forgotten Controversy

Wainwright¹

1997

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The first 40 years of this century witnessed bacteriologists involved in a debate which was fought with an intensity not seen since the arguments over spontaneous generation conducted during the last quarter of the 19th century. This now long-forgotten controversy concerned the question of whether or not bacteria exhibit extreme pleomorphism and go through complex life cycles. The term pleomorphismsvzs. used to refer to the supposed ability of bacteria to change shape dramatically, or to exist in a number of extreme morphological forms. Thus it was believed that bacteria could change from a single coccoid to complex filamentous forms and vice versa. In addition, rather than reproducing by single division, bacteria were thought to undergo complex life cycles involving single cells, spore, filaments, and ultra-filterable forms.The debate split microbiologists into two opposing schools: the monomorphists and the pleomorphists. The monomorphists finally triumphed, but as we shall see, even today reports continue to appear apparently showing that bacteria exhibit extreme morphological variations and undergo complex life cycles.Nearly all modern microbiologists belong to the monomorphic school; that is, they accept that, apart from minor variation, each bacterial cell is derived from a previously existing cell of practically the same size and shape. Cocci generally beget cocci, and rods give rise to rods. The monomorphist view, stressed by Virchow, Cohn, and Koch, is that by binary fission most bacteria divide transversely to produce two new cells which eventually achieve the same size and morphology of the original. In the same way, a single spore germinates to give rise to a vegetative cell essentially the same as the cell from which the spore originated. Exceptions to this rule are accepted in certain so-called higher bacteria, including some actinomycetes. Simple bacteria, on the other hand, are generally regarded as show-

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Section: Recent Claims In Support Of the Existence Of Extreme Pleomormentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 98%

Extreme Pleomorphism and the Bacterial Life Cycle: A Forgotten Controversy

Wainwright¹

1997

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“…'s and PhD's (10), some of whom consistently found the germ in Wilson's disease, a primary cause of Parkinson's in the young (11). It had evolved as a cross between the mycobacteria and the nocardia as a result of viral phage transfer between the two species (10,12). Furthermore, the important Parkinson's DATATOP study (13) unwittingly settled upon an agent from a class originally designed to cure tuberculosis, an MAO inhibitor called Deprenyl (14).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Parkinson's: another look

Broxmeyer

2002

Medical Hypotheses

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“…Wuethele-Caspe Livingston & Alexander Jackson isolated a highly pleomorphic organism (named Progenitor cryptocides) from the blood of hundreds of cancer patients which also apparently has a virus-like phase and elementary bodies (0·2 µm) visible as small dots under oil immersion (22). Such bodies were found in both the tumours and culture medium, and after 1 or 2 months were said to evolve into larger mycoplasma-like L forms and then into frank bacterial rods and filaments.…”

Section: Nanobacteria and Associated 'Elementary Bodies' In Human Dismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Crofton, for example, concluded that parasitic micro-organisms break up into minute infective cancer-causing granules, and that the Rous sarcoma agent is cultureable as a pleomorphic bacillus (26). Alexander Jackson even claims to have prepared a vaccine from a mycoplasma isolated from the Rous sarcoma virus which apparently protected healthy chickens from infection by this virus (22,27).…”

Section: Nanobacteria and Associated 'Elementary Bodies' In Human Dismentioning

confidence: 99%