A specific prebiotic oligosaccharide mixture stimulates delayed-type hypersensitivity in a murine influenza vaccination model

Vos, Anneke S. de; Haarman, Monique; Buco, A.; Govers, Mirjam J.A.P.; Knol, Jan; Garssen, Johan; Stahl, Bernd; Boehm, G; M’Rabet, Laura

doi:10.1016/j.intimp.2006.03.010

Cited by 118 publications

(108 citation statements)

References 46 publications

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“…Taken together, these studies suggest that b2-1 fructans may increase the response to some vaccines or vaccine components but not all. This conclusion is consistent with that from animal studies (23,47) .The percentages of peripheral blood T cells, CD4 þ T cells and CD8 þ T cells were increased in elderly nursing home residents upon OF supplementation, although there was no effect on the number of activated T cells (24) . No effect of FOS was seen on percentages of lymphocytes, or CD4 þ or CD8 þ T cells in elderly adults resident in long-term care facilities, although influenza-activated T cells were increased and memory cytotoxic T cells were decreased, and NK T cells were nonsignificantly increased (63) .…”

supporting

confidence: 90%

“…The delayed type hypersensitivity response represents the summation of a cell-mediated immune response to an antigenic challenge, largely representing antigen-presenting cell and T cell function. Therefore the observation that the delayed type hypersensitivity response to influenza vaccine was increased when GOS and IN with shorter-chain FOS removed were supplemented to mice (23) supports the findings of improved T cell cytokine production with prebiotics. …”

supporting

confidence: 64%

“…The majority of studies measuring the effect of b2-1 fructans on serum Ig show no effect. This was observed in murine (23,51) and canine (53 -55,58) models, with supplementation of FOS alone, FOS in combination with MOS, IN alone or IN in combination with GOS or MOS. Antibodies measured included total serum Ig, IgA, IgE, IgG, IgG2a, IgM and vaccine-specific antibodies to influenza vaccination (total IgG, IgG1, IgG2a).…”

Section: Mice (Pups); Infected With Rhesus Rotavirusmentioning

confidence: 83%

“…Neither was there any effect of OF-enriched IN on numbers of CD4 þ or CD8 þ T cells in the spleen and blood of rats (49) , or of OF in combination with IN with shorter-chain FOS removed on the percentage of spleen cell subsets (CD4 þ , CD8 þ , B220 þ , CD11b þ or CD11c þ ) in mice (47) . Thus, although some studies show that b2-1 fructans may alter T cell subpopulations in the blood and spleen, other studies report no effect on these measurements in the spleen, thymus and blood.Vaccine-induced splenocyte proliferation was not altered in mice supplemented with a combination of GOS and IN with shorter-chain FOS removed (23) . Neither was lymphocyte proliferation altered in the spleen of rats supplemented with OF-enriched IN (49) nor splenocyte proliferation in mice vaccinated against Salmonella typhimurium and supplemented with OF in combination with IN with shorter-chain FOS removed (47) .…”

mentioning

confidence: 93%

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Prebiotics, immune function, infection and inflammation: a review of the evidence

2008

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b2-1 Fructans are carbohydrate molecules with prebiotic properties. Through resistance to digestion in the upper gastrointestinal tract, they reach the colon intact, where they selectively stimulate the growth and/or activity of beneficial members of the gut microbiota. Through this modification of the intestinal microbiota, and by additional mechanisms, b2-1 fructans may have beneficial effects upon immune function, ability to combat infection, and inflammatory processes and conditions. In this paper, we have collated, summarised and evaluated studies investigating these areas. Twenty-one studies in laboratory animals suggest that some aspects of innate and adaptive immunity of the gut and the systemic immune systems are modified by b2-1 fructans. In man, two studies in children and nine studies in adults indicate that the adaptive immune system may be modified by b2-1 fructans. Thirteen studies in animal models of intestinal infections conclude a beneficial effect of b2-1 fructans. Ten trials involving infants and children have mostly reported benefits on infectious outcomes; in fifteen adult trials, little effect was generally seen, although in specific situations, certain b2-1 fructans may be beneficial. Ten studies in animal models show benefit of b2-1 fructans with regard to intestinal inflammation. Human studies report some benefits regarding inflammatory bowel disease (four positive studies) and atopic dermatitis (one positive study), but findings in irritable bowel syndrome are inconsistent. Therefore, overall the results indicate that b2-1 fructans are able to modulate some aspects of immune function, to improve the host's ability to respond successfully to certain intestinal infections, and to modify some inflammatory conditions. b2-1 Fructans: Inulin: Oligofructose: Fructo-oligosaccharides: Cytokines Prebiotics have been defined as 'non-digestible food ingredients that beneficially affect the host by selectively stimulating the growth, and/or activity, of one or a limited number of beneficial bacteria in the colon and thus improve host health' (1) . Research on the potential health benefits of prebiotics has occurred over the last 15 years or so, with a recent interest in the effects on the immune system, the host's ability to fight infection, and inflammatory processes and conditions. These effects have been reviewed several times (2 -7) but to our knowledge there are no reviews that bring together all of the available studies in all of the these areas. Thus, the aim of the present article is to describe the structure and dietary sources of prebiotics, and to summarise and evaluate studies investigating the influence of prebiotics on immunity, host defence, and inflammatory processes and conditions.Structure of prebiotics b2-1 Fructans, which include inulin (IN) and fructo-oligosaccharides (FOS), fulfil the criteria for prebiotics (8) . Other carbohydrates including galacto-oligosaccharides (GOS), gluco-oligosaccharides, isomalto-oligosaccharides, lactulose, mannanoligosaccharides (MOS), nigero-oli...

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supporting

confidence: 90%

supporting

confidence: 64%

Section: Mice (Pups); Infected With Rhesus Rotavirusmentioning

confidence: 83%

mentioning

confidence: 93%

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Prebiotics, immune function, infection and inflammation: a review of the evidence

2008

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“…The use of non-digestible carbohydrates, especially of prebiotic oligosaccharides, is based on the immunemodulating activities observed in several animal experiments and clinical trials (Vos et al, 2007). In an influenza vaccination model in healthy C57BL/6 mice, a specific mixture of oligosaccharides stimulated the vaccine-specific delayed-type hypersensitivity response as a marker for T-helper 1 (Th1) immunity (Vos et al, 2006). Enhancing systemic Th1-dependent adaptive immune responses would lead in theory to better immune responses against infections that have been confirmed by applications in clinical trials (Bruzzese et al, 2006;Arslanoglu et al, 2007).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Beneficial immune modulatory effects of a specific nutritional combination in a murine model for cancer cachexia

et al. 2008

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The majority of patients with advanced cancer are recognised by impaired immune competence influenced by several factors, including the type and stage of the tumour and the presence of cachexia. Recently, a specific nutritional combination containing fish oil, specific oligosaccharide mixture, high protein content and leucine has been developed aimed to support the immune system of cancer patients in order to reduce the frequency and severity of (infectious) complications. In a recently modified animal model cachexia is induced by inoculation of C26 tumour cells in mice. In a pre-cachectic state, no effect was observed on contact hypersensitivity, a validated in vivo method to measure Th1-mediated immune function, after adding the individual nutritional ingredients to the diet of tumour-bearing mice. However, the complete mixture resulted in significantly improved Th1 immunity. Moreover, in a cachectic state, the complete mixture reduced plasma levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines and beneficially affected ex vivo immune function. Accordingly, the combination of the nutritional ingredients is required to obtain a synergistic effect, leading to a reduced inflammatory state and improved immune competence. From this, it can be concluded that the specific nutritional combination has potential as immune-supporting nutritional intervention to reduce the risk of (infectious) complications in cancer patients.

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Industrial Applications of Galactooligosaccharides

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Food Oligosaccharides

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A specific prebiotic oligosaccharide mixture stimulates delayed-type hypersensitivity in a murine influenza vaccination model

Cited by 118 publications

References 46 publications

Prebiotics, immune function, infection and inflammation: a review of the evidence

Prebiotics, immune function, infection and inflammation: a review of the evidence

Beneficial immune modulatory effects of a specific nutritional combination in a murine model for cancer cachexia

Industrial Applications of Galactooligosaccharides

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