A Special Summer Pruning Method Significantly Increases Fruit Weight, Ascorbic Acid, and Dry Matter of Kiwifruit (‘Jinyan’, Actinidia eriantha × A. chinensis)

Abstract

Jinyan (Actinidia eriantha × A. chinensis) is one of the gold-fleshed kiwifruit cultivars currently being promoted in south China. However, its fruit dry matter is usually less than 16%, which seriously affects fruit quality including taste and flavor. This causes a financial loss to growers: not only are the prices paid for the fruit low because of their bad reputation for quality, but some orchards have been removed. Improvement of fruit quality is essential. In this study, a method is described for squeezing and twisting flowering shoots before flowering and removing the distal vegetative parts of flowering shoots after fruit set. The effects on fruit quality were determined. The dry matter of fruit was increased by 6.6%. Fruit size also increased as did the chlorophyll a content and the chlorophyll:carotenoid ratio. The significantly increased fruit dry matter, resulting in significant increases in fruit soluble solids concentrations (P < 0.01), thereby possibly improving fruit taste. Fruit weight, fruit length, and carotenoid and ascorbic acid concentrations were significantly enhanced in comparison with controls (P < 0.01), increasing by 20%, 7%, 12%, and 19%, respectively. However, there was no significant difference in soluble sugar concentrations, titratable acid concentrations, and the reduced chlorophyll b concentrations. This research provides a practical method to increase fruit dry matter, and hence a way to allow fruit quality to reach commercial requirements for cultivars such as Jinyan, which under previous management systems had significant shortcomings in fruit flavor and taste.

Metabolome and Transcriptome Reveal Novel Formation Mechanism of Early Mature Trait in Kiwifruit (Actinidia eriantha)

“…The indicators of fruit quality determination include SSC, dry matter content (DM), soluble sugar content (TS), titratable acid content (TA), chlorophyll a content (Chl a), chlorophyll b content (Chl b), carotenoids content (Car), ascorbic acid content (AsA), starch content, and sugar components. Except for starch content was determined by iodine colorimetry (Xu et al, 1998), other indicators were determined by referring to our previous methods (Liao et al, 2020). In addition, according to previous studies (Chen et al, 1999), kiwifruit does not produce ethylene before harvest, so we only measured four key endogenous hormones: lower auxin (IAA), abscisic acid (ABA), zeatin (ZR), and gibberellin GA 3 .…”

Table_10.docx

“…The indicators of fruit quality determination include SSC, dry matter content (DM), soluble sugar content (TS), titratable acid content (TA), chlorophyll a content (Chl a), chlorophyll b content (Chl b), carotenoids content (Car), ascorbic acid content (AsA), starch content, and sugar components. Except for starch content was determined by iodine colorimetry (Xu et al, 1998), other indicators were determined by referring to our previous methods (Liao et al, 2020). In addition, according to previous studies (Chen et al, 1999), kiwifruit does not produce ethylene before harvest, so we only measured four key endogenous hormones: lower auxin (IAA), abscisic acid (ABA), zeatin (ZR), and gibberellin GA 3 .…”

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“…The indicators of fruit quality determination include SSC, dry matter content (DM), soluble sugar content (TS), titratable acid content (TA), chlorophyll a content (Chl a), chlorophyll b content (Chl b), carotenoids content (Car), ascorbic acid content (AsA), starch content, and sugar components. Except for starch content was determined by iodine colorimetry (Xu et al, 1998), other indicators were determined by referring to our previous methods (Liao et al, 2020). In addition, according to previous studies (Chen et al, 1999), kiwifruit does not produce ethylene before harvest, so we only measured four key endogenous hormones: lower auxin (IAA), abscisic acid (ABA), zeatin (ZR), and gibberellin GA 3 .…”