Instructional designers (IDs) play a crucial role in higher education institutions' teaching and learning endeavors. This review of literature on IDs in higher education between 2000 and 2020 found that their roles, responsibilities, and challenges are well-described, but little is known about what supports them. As ID roles evolve in response to new challenges while helping faculty and institutions adapt to changes during and after the COVID-19 pandemic, there is a rapidly emerging need to focus on additional areas of research, such as faculty perspectives, what it means to be an ID, and how IDs are--or can be--supported.
MethodsThe literature search was conducted in ERIC, Google Scholar, and a US university library-provided combined search tool that accessed EBSCO, DOAJ, JSTOR, and SpringerLink. The following terms were searched: instructional designers, instructional designer, higher education, college, university, IDs, educational technologists, course designers, learning design, learning designer. These were combined in various ways to cast a wide net. Results included peer-reviewed journal articles, book chapters, dissertations, white papers, and other sources that were collected and cataloged in a spreadsheet. The spreadsheet highlighted key information: author(s), year of publication, study context, publication type, publication name (if applicable), focus, main findings, type of research (qualitative/quantitative/mixed), methodology (when available), and data sources. Additional chain searching and collection was conducted as articles cited potentially relevant studies that had not appeared within search results. The following inclusion criteria were applied to the 76 sources collected:Literature that focused on the experiences and/or activities of IDs in their professional roles rather than on design outcomes, training students to be IDs, student learning, or technological implementations was included. Faculty perspectives on working with IDs, though rare, were included. Sources that specifically referred to a higher education context for at least half the study participants were included. Only peer-reviewed articles, peer-reviewed conference proceedings, peer-reviewed books, and dissertations were included; non-peerreviewed books and non-peer-reviewed articles were excluded. In addition to empirical research, literature reviews, conceptual, and position papers in peerreviewed journals were included.