A special role of the parvocellular red nucleus in lesion-induced spontaneous tremor in monkeys

Ohye, Chihiro; Shibazaki, Toshio; Hirai, Tatsuo; Wada, Hirochiyo; Kawashima, Yasuhiro; Hirato, Masafumi; Matsumura, Masaru

doi:10.1016/0166-4328(88)90102-7

Cited by 39 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…Stereotactic lesions performed in monkeys in the parvicellular red nucleus, brachium conjunctivum decussation and ventromedial mesencephalon (substantia nigra) demonstrated that damage to all three areas was necessary for sustained tremor 3 . These findings confirm clinic-pathologic observations in humans.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Holmes tremor in association with bilateral hypertrophic olivary degeneration and palatal tremor: chronological considerations. Case report

Rieder

Rebouças

Ferreira

2003

Arq. Neuro-Psiquiatr.

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-Hypertrophic olivary degeneration (HOD) is a rare type of neuronal degeneration involving the dento-rubro-olivary pathway and presents clinically as palatal tremor. We present a 48 year old male patient who developed Holmes' tremor and bilateral HOD five months after brainstem hemorrhage. The severe rest tremor was refractory to pharmacotherapy and botulinum toxin injections, but was markedly reduced after thalamotomy. Magnetic resonance imaging permitted visualization of HOD, which appeared as a characteristic high signal intensity in the inferior olivary nuclei on T2-and proton-density-weighted images. Enlargement of the inferior olivary nuclei was also noted. Palatal tremor was absent in that moment and appears about two months later. The delayed-onset between insult and tremor following structural lesions of the brain suggest that compensatory or secondary changes in nervous system function must contribute to tremor genesis. The literature and imaging findings of this uncommon condition are reviewed.KEY WORDS: rubral tremor, midbrain tremor, Holmes' tremor, myorhythmia, palatal myoclonus. T T T T Tremor de Holmes em associação com degeneração olivar hipertrófica bilateral e tremor palatal: remor de Holmes em associação com degeneração olivar hipertrófica bilateral e tremor palatal: remor de Holmes em associação com degeneração olivar hipertrófica bilateral e tremor palatal: remor de Holmes em associação com degeneração olivar hipertrófica bilateral e tremor palatal: remor de Holmes em associação com degeneração olivar hipertrófica bilateral e tremor palatal: considerações cronológicas. Relato de caso considerações cronológicas. Relato de caso considerações cronológicas. Relato de caso considerações cronológicas. Relato de caso considerações cronológicas. Relato de caso RESUMO -Degeneração olivar hipertrófica (DOH) é um tipo raro de degeneração neuronal envolvendo o trato dento-rubro-olivar e se apresenta clinicamente como tremor palatal. Relatamos o caso de um homem de 48 anos que desenvolveu tremor de Holmes e DOH bilateral cinco meses após hemorragia em tronco encefálico. O intenso tremor de repouso foi refratário a farmacoterapia e injeções de toxina botulínica, mas foi enormemente reduzido após talamotomia. Ressonância magnética permitiu a visualização da DOH, que apareceu como um sinal intenso característico na oliva inferior em imagens ponderadas em T2 e densidade de prótons. Aumento do complexo olivar inferior também foi percebido. O tremor palatal era ausente naquele momento e apareceu cerca de dois meses depois. O início tardio do tremor após a lesão estrutural sugere que alterações compensatórias ou secundárias no sistema nervoso devem contribuir para a gênese do tremor. A literatura e os achados radiológicos dessa patologia incomum são revisados. PALAVRAS-CHAVE: tremor rubral, tremor mesencefálico, tremor de Holmes, miorritmia, mioclonus palatal.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These findings confirm clinic-pathologic observations in humans. A combination of damage to the red nucleus and neighboring cerebello-thalamic, cerebelloolivary, and nigrostriatal fibers tracts are required 3 . The peculiar mixture of rest, postural and kinetic tremor follows logically from this combination of pathology.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Holmes tremor in association with bilateral hypertrophic olivary degeneration and palatal tremor: chronological considerations. Case report

Rieder

Rebouças

Ferreira

2003

Arq. Neuro-Psiquiatr.

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“…Just as the mechanism of tremor is not well understood [20,21], the mechanism of tremor response to VIM stimulation is poorly understood. As ablation and high-frequency stimulation of the same area produce similar results, we must assume that high-frequency stimulation is an inhibitory phenomenon.…”

Section: Mechanism Of Vim Stimulationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Deep Brain Stimulation of the Ventral Intermediate Nucleus of the Thalamus for Control of Tremors in Parkinson’s Disease and Essential Tremor

Kumar¹,

Kelly²,

Toth³

1999

Stereotact Funct Neurosurg

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The beneficial effects of ventral intermediate nucleus (VIM) stimulation were evaluated in 20 patients with tremor refractory to medical therapy. Thalamic stimulation is a non-ablative procedure which has the advantage of a reversible, non-destructive lesion. Eleven patients [7 with Parkinson’s disease (PD) and 4 with essential tremor (ET)] received unilateral VIM implantation, while 9 patients had staged bilateral VIM implantation (4 with PD, 5 with ET). PD patients showed a significant improvement in contralateral arm and leg rest tremor and ipsilateral leg rest tremor (p < 0.02) at a mean follow-up period of 16.2 ± 7.0 months. Patients with PD did not demonstrate any significant decrease in medication use at follow-up. ET patients demonstrated significant improvement in postural and action tremor in the contralateral arm (p < 0.001), but no significant improvement in the contralateral leg tremor at follow-up. Significant improvements were also seen in ET patients in the Clinical Rating Scale for Tremor (p < 0.001) with respect to several activities of daily living at a mean follow-up of 14.9 ± 8.1 months. Deep brain stimulation is a safe and effective treatment for severe tremor refractory to medications. It is a highly effective, reversible, adaptable, and predictable procedure which avoids the complication of cognitive deficit seen in patients with bilateral thalamotomies.

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“…Tremor-producing lesions must involve cerebellothalamic and nigrostriatal fibers, in addition to the parvocellular division of the red nucleus in primates. 11 Given the known association of the dentato-rubro-olivary pathway with the pathogenesis of palatal myoclonus, [12][13][14] one could implicate a lesion of the red nucleus as a contributing factor in the origin of our patient's myoclonus. To the best of our knowledge, generalized myoclonus has not been described following red nucleus lesions, and this could be a subject of further investigation.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Generalized Myoclonus

Inoa

McCullough

2013

The Neurohospitalist

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Movement disorders have been reported as rare complications of stroke. The basal ganglia have been implicated in the pathophysiology of most post-stroke dyskinesias. We outline different types of post-stroke myoclonus and their possible pathophysiology. A middle-aged man developed generalized myoclonus after an ischemic stroke in the superior midbrain and subthalamic nuclei. Spontaneous resolution was seen by 72 hours. A lesion to the subthalamic nuclei disrupted the normal thalamic inhibition, which likely led to the involuntary movements seen in our patient. In this case, myoclonus was generalized, which, to the best of our knowledge, has not been reported in the literature as a direct consequence of focal stroke.Keywords stroke, cerebrovascular disorders, movement disorders, clinical specialty, stroke and cerebrovascular disease, clinical specialty Movement disorders are rare complications of stroke. These can manifest as either long-term sequelae (usually after motor function has been partially or totally regained) or, less commonly, an immediate consequence of brain ischemia or hemorrhage. We report a case of a 61-year-old man with controlled hypertension on metroprolol who was found unresponsive in his home. He was initially transferred by ambulance to an outside hospital, where a nonenhanced head computed tomography (CT) was negative. He was given phenytoin 1000 mg intravenously (IV) and decadron 20 mg IV prior to arrival at our center. On our initial neurologic examination performed 3.5 hours after he was found unresponsive, he was stuporous and not responding to commands. He was withdrawing to pain in all 4 extremities and an extensor plantar reflex was noted on the right. Cranial nerves showed fixed and unequal pupils (right 5 mm and left 2 mm), left eye hypertropia, and right eye exotropia. Corneal and gag reflexes were present. No involuntary movements were appreciated. His National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale score was 22. General examination revealed an irregular heart rate and a blood pressure of 131/76 mm Hg. His electrocardiography showed atrial fibrillation. He was intubated immediately for airway protection after apneic breathing episodes were noted. Rocuronium was used for intubation, and he was premedicated with lidocaine and etomidate. After intubation, a single propofol bolus was given for transient hypertension and agitation. His oxygen saturation remained over 95% at all times. Urine toxicology and serum biochemistry that included a basic metabolic panel, cardiac, and liver enzymes were normal, except for the serum creatine kinase level that was found to be elevated (ie, 748 IU/L). A repeat nonenhanced head CT showed areas of hypoattenuation in the brain stem. Subsequent CT angiography was normal, with no evidence of large-vessel stenosis or embolus. Brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) showed clear evidence of restricted diffusion in the right and superior aspects of the midbrain, extending bilaterally upward into the subthalamic nuclei, which was also seen on fluidatten...

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A special role of the parvocellular red nucleus in lesion-induced spontaneous tremor in monkeys

Cited by 39 publications

References 4 publications

Holmes tremor in association with bilateral hypertrophic olivary degeneration and palatal tremor: chronological considerations. Case report

Holmes tremor in association with bilateral hypertrophic olivary degeneration and palatal tremor: chronological considerations. Case report

Deep Brain Stimulation of the Ventral Intermediate Nucleus of the Thalamus for Control of Tremors in Parkinson’s Disease and Essential Tremor

Generalized Myoclonus

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