A special issue dedicated to a complex tissue

Fenton, Suzanne E.

doi:10.1016/j.reprotox.2015.05.004

Cited by 3 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 27 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…In recent years, there has been more research on effects on mammary development, a recent Reproductive Toxicology journal issue was dedicated to the topic (Fenton, ). Silberstien () followed by Watson and Khaled () provided comprehensive reviews on mammary development and signaling, with an emphasis on the mouse.…”

Section: Postnatal Development Of the Ovarymentioning

confidence: 99%

Species Comparison of Postnatal Development of the Female Reproductive System

Laffan

Posobiec

Uhl

et al. 2017

Birth Defects Research

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The postnatal development of the female reproductive system in laboratory animals and humans is reviewed. To enable a meaningful species comparison of the developing female reproductive system, common definitions of developmental processes were established with a focus made on aspects that are similar across species. A species comparison of the key endocrine, morphologic, and functional (onset of ovarian cycles and ability to reproduce) features of postnatal development of the female reproductive system is provided for human, nonhuman primate, dog, rat, and also mouse, minipig, and rabbit where possible. Species differences in the timing and control of female sexual maturation are highlighted. Additionally, a species comparison of the type and timing of female reproductive ovarian cycles was compiled. Human development provided the frame of reference, and then other common laboratory species were compared. The comparison has inherent challenges because the processes involved and sequence of events can differ greatly across species. Broad strokes were taken to assign a particular average age to an event and are to be used with caution. Methods of evaluation of postnatal female reproductive development in laboratory animals are discussed. Lastly, control rodent data from one of the author's laboratory on vaginal opening, first estrus, estrous cyclicity, and the histopathology involved with the developing female rat and mouse are presented. The information provided in this review is intended to be a resource for the design and interpretation of juvenile animal toxicity testing and ultimately, the relevance of the data to characterize potential risks for women and girls. Birth Defects Research 110:163-189, 2018. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

show abstract

Section: Postnatal Development Of the Ovarymentioning

confidence: 99%

Species Comparison of Postnatal Development of the Female Reproductive System

Laffan

Posobiec

Uhl

et al. 2017

Birth Defects Research

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…We acknowledge the importance of many widely understood risk factors for breast cancer including: primary genetic mutations, reproductive history, and lifestyle factors such as weight gain, alcohol consumption and lack of physical exercise [ 1 , 2 ]. Yet we begin with an understanding that in total, these factors do not address a considerable portion of the risk for the disease [ 2 – 5 ]. A substantial body of scientific evidence indicates that exposures to common chemicals and radiation, singly and in combination, also contribute to the increasingly high incidence of breast cancer observed over the past several decades.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

State of the evidence 2017: an update on the connection between breast cancer and the environment

et al. 2017

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

BackgroundIn this review, we examine the continually expanding and increasingly compelling data linking radiation and various chemicals in our environment to the current high incidence of breast cancer.AbstractSingly and in combination, these toxicants may have contributed significantly to the increasing rates of breast cancer observed over the past several decades. Exposures early in development from gestation through adolescence and early adulthood are particularly of concern as they re-shape the program of genetic, epigenetic and physiological processes in the developing mammary system, leading to an increased risk for developing breast cancer. In the 8 years since we last published a comprehensive review of the relevant literature, hundreds of new papers have appeared supporting this link, and in this update, the evidence on this topic is more extensive and of better quality than that previously available.ConclusionIncreasing evidence from epidemiological studies, as well as a better understanding of mechanisms linking toxicants with development of breast cancer, all reinforce the conclusion that exposures to these substances – many of which are found in common, everyday products and byproducts – may lead to increased risk of developing breast cancer. Moving forward, attention to methodological limitations, especially in relevant epidemiological and animal models, will need to be addressed to allow clearer and more direct connections to be evaluated.

show abstract

“…Specifically, the OECD EOGRTS test guideline recommends that pups not selected for cohorts are terminated after weaning on PND22, unless results indicate the need for further in-life investigations. The guideline suggests that, from up to 10 pups per sex per group, "mammary tissues for these male and female pups may be preserved for further microscopic analysis 1 (see GD 151 (40)). Gross abnormalities and target tissues should be saved for possible histological examination," with the footnote "Research has shown the mammary gland, especially in early life mammary gland development, to be a sensitive endpoint for estrogen action.…”

Section: Exposure Timing and Windows Of Susceptibilitymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…We also discuss cross-cutting issues that are applicable to measuring these endpoints and assessing risks from chemical exposures that cause them. Topics reviewed are (1) gaps in test guidelines and practices used to evaluate MG effects in toxicology studies and approaches to address them; (2) the role of exposure timing, especially during WoS, on the induction of adverse MG outcomes; and (3) the classification of chemicals that alter MG developmental timing or tissue morphology as teratogens (i.e., chemicals that induce congenital malformations). We provide recommendations to strengthen toxicological and risk assessments.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The mammary gland (MG) is a hormone-sensitive organ that begins development in the womb and continues to grow and differentiate throughout an individual female’s lifetime, including puberty, pregnancy, and menopause [ 1 , 2 ]. At each stage, hormonal signals mediate key biological changes that are necessary for subsequent phases of structural and functional development [ 2 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Chemical Effects on Breast Development, Function, and Cancer Risk: Existing Knowledge and New Opportunities

Kay

Cardona²,

Rudel³

et al. 2022

Curr Envir Health Rpt

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Population studies show worrisome trends towards earlier breast development, difficulty in breastfeeding, and increasing rates of breast cancer in young women. Multiple epidemiological studies have linked these outcomes with chemical exposures, and experimental studies have shown that many of these chemicals generate similar effects in rodents, often by disrupting hormonal regulation. These endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs) can alter the progression of mammary gland (MG) development, impair the ability to nourish offspring via lactation, increase mammary tissue density, and increase the propensity to develop cancer. However, current toxicological approaches to measuring the effects of chemical exposures on the MG are often inadequate to detect these effects, impairing our ability to identify exposures harmful to the breast and limiting opportunities for prevention. This paper describes key adverse outcomes for the MG, including impaired lactation, altered pubertal development, altered morphology (such as increased mammographic density), and cancer. It also summarizes evidence from humans and rodent models for exposures associated with these effects. We also review current toxicological practices for evaluating MG effects, highlight limitations of current methods, summarize debates related to how effects are interpreted in risk assessment, and make recommendations to strengthen assessment approaches. Increasing the rigor of MG assessment would improve our ability to identify chemicals of concern, regulate those chemicals based on their effects, and prevent exposures and associated adverse health effects.

show abstract

A special issue dedicated to a complex tissue

Cited by 3 publications

References 27 publications

Species Comparison of Postnatal Development of the Female Reproductive System

Species Comparison of Postnatal Development of the Female Reproductive System

State of the evidence 2017: an update on the connection between breast cancer and the environment

Chemical Effects on Breast Development, Function, and Cancer Risk: Existing Knowledge and New Opportunities

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About