Land use and land cover changes in coastal cities can influence drainage
sys-tems in ways that affect surface overflows and the infiltration
potential of a land surface, making flooding one of the drivers. This
research aims to demonstrate the spatiotemporal dynamics of LULC and their
combined impact on rainfall and flood height in Skikda, Algeria. The
research uses remote sensing (RS) and geographic information systems (GIS)
to determine the type and location of LULC changes in Skikda. The supervised
classification methodology used the maximum likelihood technique (MCL).
Changes were identified in five categories: built-up areas, green spaces,
bodies of water, agriculture, and vacant land. In Q-GIS 3.28.2, Landsat 4-5
(TM) data from 1984 and 2004 and Landsat 8-9 (OLI)/TIRS data from 2019 were
used based on the United States Geological Survey (USGS). The results show
that the impervious built-up area has changed significantly (44.01%) due to
massive urbanization and rapid industrialization, which would affect heavy
rainfall activity and increase flood height due to the intense
imperviousness of the affected soil (from 27% to 44%). The precipitation and
flood height were examined and compared with observations to investigate
the impact of the LULC model modification during the flood. The comparison
of three flood events (1984, 2004, and 2019) revealed that the change in the
LULC model is the main factor increasing flood risk in the study area. This
study demonstrates the importance of considering temporal changes in land
use, land cover, rainfall, and flood height when mapping floods in urban
cities.