A Spatial Integrated Database for the Enhancement of the Agricultural Custodianship Role (SIDECAR)—Some preliminary tests using Tuscany as a case-study Region

Land Use Change and Disappearance of Hedgerows in a Tuscan Rural Landscape: A Discussion on Policy Tools to Revert This Trend

“…Ecological networks require core natural areas, buffer zones, ecological corridors and stepping zones [11] characterized by a minimum size and precise relations among them. The reintroduction of hedgerows to improve the ecological performances of the rural territory is hindered in case of areas characterized by small agricultural exploitations, as it is the case in many Tuscan and Italian areas, where the situation is sometimes worsened by the fact that farmland is fragmented in parcels quite distant from each other [32]. Consequently, except on the cases of very large farms where these interventions could be significant also at farm level, there is the need to organize actions stemming from the coordination or collaboration of a plurality of farmers and able to reach a minimum threshold.…”

“…(a) arable land in marginal areas with a trend to renaturalization; (b) traditional arable land with medium-large size of patches; (c) lowland simplified arable systems; (d) olive groves; (e) arable land associated with vineyards;(f) arable land and olive groves in hilly areas; and, (g) complex mosaic of crops and patches of wood typical of hilly and mountainous areas, whose localization on map is shown in Figure2[32].…”

Protection of minor rights in Russia and European Union countries

“…Its basis, both in Russia and abroad, is the UN Convention on the Rights of the Child, which by its norms calls on all participating states to conduct effective international cooperation in order to improve the living conditions of children around the world. In the Russian Federation, the norms of international law that are binding on Russia to implement the system for protecting the rights of minors, the Constitution of the Russian Federation, the Family Code of the Russian Federation, the federal laws "On the basic guarantees of child rights in the Russian Federation", "On custodianship and guardianship," On education", Legislation on the protection of citizen health become the most important ones (Fastelli et al, 2018;Kiss et al, 2021). Besides, the norms on the protection of child rights are also contained in civil, criminal, administrative and other branches of legislation (Cross, 1999;Lee et al, 2013).…”