Abstract:Over a period of 4Â years (1997–2000), British Columbia (BC) experienced tremendous growth in the illicit production and distribution of domestically grown marijuana. By the close of 2000, each policing jurisdiction in BC had adopted a particular policy in response to grow operation proliferation. In summary, four policy responses were noted. First, some maintained the status quo wherein enforcement of police initiated investigations and citizens’ tips continued, but with no additional resources specifically d… Show more
“…More recently, Malm and Tita (2006) found no evidence that “green teams” designed to reduce marijuana production displaced growing from target jurisdictions in British Columbia to surrounding areas of the province. In contrast, Worrall and Gaines (2006) found possible displacement effects in their analysis of a citywide police‐probation partnership to reduce juvenile crime in San Bernardino.…”
“…More recently, Malm and Tita (2006) found no evidence that “green teams” designed to reduce marijuana production displaced growing from target jurisdictions in British Columbia to surrounding areas of the province. In contrast, Worrall and Gaines (2006) found possible displacement effects in their analysis of a citywide police‐probation partnership to reduce juvenile crime in San Bernardino.…”
“…For instance, the risk of having a juvenile record may be influenced by personal characteristics, but the number of peers who have juvenile records is likely to have a nontrivial influence as well. While social network models can be aspatial, an obvious form of connection is proximity in space (see Malm (2006) for an example of the intersection of spatial and social network analysis). Even though the network approach might be seen as a rival to gravity models, explicitly acknowledging and exploiting the interdependence of observations when explaining a construct of interest makes network models useful both methodologically (as an additional means to measure and control spatial effects) and theoretically.…”
Section: Reasons To Expect Greater Attention To Be Paid To Spatial Aumentioning
Despite criminology's widespread application of geography, the full implications of Cliff and Ord's article have yet to be realized. In this essay the major types of spatial studies in criminology are outlined, followed by a depiction of the context of criminological research at the time the article was published. Next the major changes to the field occurring after the publication of Cliff and Ord's paper, focusing on technology advances and theory, are set out. Fortunately these changes mean the discipline is well placed to move beyond seeing the presence of spatial autocorrelation as a methodological issue that needs to be explained away.
“…The number of Canadians, especially youth, who use marijuana is substantial (Elgar, Phillips, & Hammond, 2011), the number of cannabis growing operations has increased dramatically (Malm & Tita, 2007), and the associated criminal activities appear to be increasingly violent (e.g. gang-related homicides) (Dauvergne, 2009;Skelton, 2004).…”
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.