A Solution Grade Biostable Polyurethane Elastomer: ChronoFlex® AR

Reed, Andrew M.; Potter, J. R.; Szycher, Michael

doi:10.1177/088532829400800303

Cited by 58 publications

(32 citation statements)

References 2 publications

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“…5 The biodegradation mechanisms of polyurethanes and advanced biostable polyurethanes were reviewed in detail by Pinchuk,5 and more recently by Santerre et al 6 In general, polyester polyurethanes are known to be susceptible to hydrolytic degradation and polyether urethanes to oxidative degradation. 6 Polycarbonate urethanes, called ''biostable'' in the literature, [5][6][7][8] have been proven to be more oxidatively stable than the polyether-based materials and more hydrolytically stable than the polyester-based ones. 6 However, hydrolytic degradation of carbonate linkages from surface have still been found to be present both in vivo and in vitro.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…29,30 And self-assembled micro-domains of fluorocarbon clusters on the uppermost surface were observed in some fluorinated poly(carbonate urethane)s. 30 Until now, most of research focused on fluorocarbon end-capped polyether polyurethanes and fluorocarbon end-capped polycarbonate urethanes were seldom investigated. Since polycarbonate urethanes proved to be more biostable than polyether ones, 5,8 the addition of fluorocarbon tails may further improve their biostability. In the present work, perfluoro chain endcapped poly(carbonate urethane)s (FPCUs) were synthesized and their surface structures investigated with XPS, AFM, and water contact angle measurement.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A new type of PCUs end-capped with perfluoro chains was synthesized to explore a new avenue. A fluorinated alcohol, 2,2, 3,3,4,4,5,5,6,6,7,7,8,8,, was end-capped to the backbones of PCUs by reaction of the À ÀOH in PDFOL with the À ÀNCO end groups in PCU backbones. Contact angle measurement, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, atomic force microscopy, and attenuated total reflectance-Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy were used to examine their surface structure and properties.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Synthesis and characterization of fluorocarbon chain end‐capped poly(carbonate urethane)s as biomaterials: A novel bilayered surface structure

Xie

Tan

et al. 2007

J Biomedical Materials Res

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Poly(carbonate urethane)s (PCUs) are usually considered as biostable elastomers for long-term implantation. However, their hydrolytic stability is still questionable. The biodegradation appears to be initiated by oxidative and hydrolytic substances released by inflammatory cells. Therefore, the biostability of polyurethane might be improved with control of surface structure to reduce inflammatory response. A new type of PCUs end-capped with perfluoro chains was synthesized to explore a new avenue. A fluorinated alcohol, 2,2,3,3,4,4,5,5,6,6,7,7,8,8,8-pentadecafluoro-1-octanol (PDFOL), was end-capped to the backbones of PCUs by reaction of the --OH in PDFOL with the --NCO end groups in PCU backbones. Contact angle measurement, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, atomic force microscopy, and attenuated total reflectance-Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy were used to examine their surface structure and properties. Elemental analysis, gel permeation chromatography, differential scanning calorimetry, and tensile testing were used to assess bulk chemistry and properties. The fluorocarbon end-capped poly (carbonate urethane)s (FPCUs) maintained the high mechanical properties (about 40 MPa tensile strength) and typical microphase separation structure of polyurethane elastomers. Results from surface analyses revealed the presence of a double-layered structure at the surfaces of the FPCUs. The first one was composed of fluorocarbon tails rising up on the uppermost layer and the second one made up of hard-segments. This novel bilayered surface structure could protect the weak carbonate linkages in soft segments, and consequently, may potentially increase the biostability of this kind of polyurethanes.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Synthesis and characterization of fluorocarbon chain end‐capped poly(carbonate urethane)s as biomaterials: A novel bilayered surface structure

Xie

Tan

et al. 2007

J Biomedical Materials Res

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“…2). 26,27 The chemicals are added sequentially, including a watersoluble porosifier (10-60 wt %) and a surfactant (1-10 wt %), onto the surface of a rotating and transversing steel mandrel. The mandrel and extrusion head rotate synchronously minimizing shear and residual stress, while a pair of 2.5-m-long mandrels are drawn through twin extrusion heads into a coagulant maintained at 40°C.…”

Section: Graft Materialsmentioning

confidence: 99%

In vitro stability of a novel compliant poly(carbonate‐urea)urethane to oxidative and hydrolytic stress

Salacinski

Tai

Carson³

et al. 2001

J. Biomed. Mater. Res.

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Poly(ester)urethane and poly(ether)urethane vascular grafts fail in vivo because of hydrolytic and oxidative degradative mechanisms. Studies have shown that poly(carbonate)urethanes have enhanced resistance. There is still a need for a viable, nonrigid, small-diameter, synthetic vascular graft. In this study, we sought to confirm this by exposing a novel formulation of compliant poly(carbonate-urea)urethane (CPU) manufactured by an innovative process, resulting in a stress-free. Small-diameter prosthesis, and a conventional poly(ether)urethane Pulse-Tec graft known to readily undergo oxidation in a variety of degradative solutions, and we assessed them for the development of oxidative and hydrolytic degradation, changes in elastic properties, and chemical stability. To simulate the in vivo environment, we used buffered solutions of phospholipase A(2) and cholesterol esterase; solutions of H(2)O(2)/CoCl(2), t-butyl peroxide/CoCl(2) (t-but/CoCl(2)), and glutathione/t-butyl peroxide/CoCl(2) (Glut/t-but/CoCl(2)); and plasma fractions I-IV, which were derived from fresh human plasma centrifuged in poly(ethylene glycol). To act as a negative control, both graft types were incubated in distilled water. Samples of both graft types (100 mm with a 5.0-mm inner diameter) were incubated in these solutions at 37 degrees C for 70 days before environmental scanning electron microscopy, radial tensile strength and quality control, gel permeation chromatography, and in vitro compliance assessments were performed. Oxidative degradation was ascertained from significant changes in molecular weight with respect to a control on all Pulse-Tec grafts treated with t-but/CoCl(2), Glut/t-but/CoCl(2), and plasma fractions I-III. Pulse-Tec grafts exposed to the H(2)O(2)/CoCl(2) mixture had significantly greater compliance than controls incubated in distilled water (p < 0.001 at 50 mmHg). No changes in molecular weight with respect to the control were observed for the CPU samples; only those immersed in t-but/CoCl(2) and Glut/t-but/CoCl(2) showed an 11% increase in molecular weight to 108,000. Only CPU grafts treated with the Glut/t-but/CoCl(2) mixture exhibited significantly greater compliance (p < 0.05 at 50 mmHg). Overall, results from this study indicate that CPU presents a far greater chemical stability than poly(ether)-urethane grafts do.

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“…3 However, the question of whether the concentrations of these harmful degradation products attain physiologically relevant levels is currently unresolved and strongly debated. [52][53][54] To avoid the potential release of toxic degradation products to the extracellular matrix, it is desirable to synthesize new medical-grade PU from less toxic intermediates. Unlike aromatic PU, aliphatic types do not show embrittlement or weakening and progressive darkening of the polymer.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Synthesis and characterization of X-ray opaque polycarbonate urethane: Effect of a dihalogenated chain extender on radiopacity and hemocompatibility

Kiran

Joseph

2014

J. Biomed. Mater. Res.

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An inherently radiopaque poly(carbonate urethane) containing fluorine and iodine atoms in the polymer chain was synthesized and characterized. Radiopaque polyurethane was synthesized from 1,6-diisocyanatohexane (HDI), poly (hexamethylene carbonate)diol (PHCD) and a newly synthesized chain extender having fluorine and iodine in the molecule, namely, 4,4'-(1,1,1,3,3,3-hexafluoropropane-2,2-diyl)bis(2,6-diiodophenol) (IBAF). IBAF monomer imparted radiopacity and improved the hemocompatibility of the resultant polymer. For comparative evaluation, polyurethanes (PU) were synthesized by reacting monomers HDI and PHCD without any chain extender and also by reacting HDI and PHCD along with noniodinated, but fluorine containing, version of the above chain extender, namely, 4,4'-(Hexafluoroisopropylidene) diphenol (BAF). Chain extended PUs showed improved mechanical and thermal properties, and hemocompatibility compared to the nonchain extended PU. Radiopacity measurements by fluoroscopy showed that IBAF incorporated PU of 200 µm thickness had radiopacity equivalent to that of 25% barium sulfate filled noniodinated PU of same thickness and to that of 0.6-mm thick aluminum wedge. In vivo imaging using a rabbit cadaver model showed clearly distinguishable image of IBAF incorporated PU sample. All the PU materials were noncytotoxic to L929 mouse fibroblast cells. Preliminary results obtained from blood-material interaction studies showed that incorporation of fluorinated chain extenders in the PUs resulted in significant reduction in the adhesion of white blood cells onto the PU material surface and also resulted in prolonged partial thromboplastin time. Results suggest that incorporation of fluorine and iodine containing chain extenders would lead to the development PU with improved hemocompatibility and radiopacity.

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A Solution Grade Biostable Polyurethane Elastomer: ChronoFlex® AR

Cited by 58 publications

References 2 publications

Synthesis and characterization of fluorocarbon chain end‐capped poly(carbonate urethane)s as biomaterials: A novel bilayered surface structure

Synthesis and characterization of fluorocarbon chain end‐capped poly(carbonate urethane)s as biomaterials: A novel bilayered surface structure

In vitro stability of a novel compliant poly(carbonate‐urea)urethane to oxidative and hydrolytic stress

Synthesis and characterization of X-ray opaque polycarbonate urethane: Effect of a dihalogenated chain extender on radiopacity and hemocompatibility

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