A solid-polymer-electrolyte direct methanol fuel cell (DMFC) with Pt-Ru nanoparticles supported onto poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) and polystyrene sulphonic acid polymer composite as anode

Tintula, K. K.; Pitchumani, S.; Sridhar, P.; Shukla, Ashok

doi:10.1007/s12039-010-0043-6

Cited by 25 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 39 publications

(33 reference statements)

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“…[167][168][169] In another study, it was found that the Pt-Ru anode nanocatalyst, supported on poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene)-polystyrene sulphonic acid (PEDOT-PSSA) matrix, produced a peak power density of 105 mWcm ¡2 , which was 30% higher than that obtained for the same catalyst on carbon supports. 170 From this and other similar studies, PEDOT-PSSA composite appeared as a promising support material for anode catalysts. A hierarchical N-doped carbon nanotube-graphene hybrid nanostructure (NCNT-GHN), grown in situ inside the inner cavities of the NCNTs, were synthesized by employing a onestep water-assisted chemical vapor deposition (CVD) route.…”

Section: Catalyst Supportssupporting

confidence: 63%

Progress in Developments of Inorganic Nanocatalysts for Application in Direct Methanol Fuel Cells

Das

Dutta

Shul

et al. 2015

Critical Reviews in Solid State and Materials Sciences

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Significant progress has been made in the last few years toward synthesizing highly dispersible inorganic catalysts for application in the electrodes of direct methanol fuel cells. In addition, research toward achieving an efficient catalyst supporting matrix has also attracted much attention in recent years. Carbon black-(Vulcan XC-72) supported Platinum and PlatinumRuthenium catalysts have for long served as the conventional choice as the cathode and the anode catalyst materials, respectively. Oxygen reduction reaction at the cathode and methanol oxidation reaction at the anode occur simultaneously during the operation of a direct methanol fuel cell. However, inefficiencies in these reactions result in a generation of mixed potential. This, in turn, gives rise to reduced cell voltage, increased oxygen stoichiometric ratio, and generation of additional water that is responsible for water flooding in the cathode chamber. In addition, the lack of long-term stability of Pt-Ru anode catalyst, coupled with the tendency of Ru to cross through the polymer electrolyte membrane and eventually get deposited on the cathode, is also a serious drawback. Another source of potential concern is the fact that the natural resource of Pt and the rare earth metal Ru is very limited, and has been predicted to become exhausted very soon. To overcome these problems, new catalyst systems with high methanol tolerance and higher catalytic activity than Pt need to be developed. In addition, the catalyst-supporting matrix is also witnessing a change from traditionally used carbon powder to transition metal carbides and other highperformance materials. This article surveys the recent literature based on the advancements made in the field of highly dispersible inorganic catalysts for application in direct methanol fuel cells, as well as the progress made in the area of catalyst-supporting matrices.

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Section: Catalyst Supportssupporting

confidence: 63%

Progress in Developments of Inorganic Nanocatalysts for Application in Direct Methanol Fuel Cells

Das

Dutta

Shul

et al. 2015

Critical Reviews in Solid State and Materials Sciences

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“…[11][12][13] There are many reports of bimetallic Pt-M catalysts with increased electrocatalytic activity, where M represents a transition metal such as Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn [14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23] or a noble metal such as Ru, Pd, Ag and Au. [24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31][32][33][34][35][36][37][38][39] Au is a special metal in view of its inertness in bulk state and its high catalytic activity at the nanoscale. This unique property of the nanoscaled Au has been found to show unprecedented electrocatalytic activity for CO oxidation.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bimetallic Pt–Au nanocatalysts electrochemically deposited on graphene and their electrocatalytic characteristics towards oxygen reduction and methanol oxidation

Yao

Zhang

et al. 2011

Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys.

252

125

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The burgeoning demand for clean and energy-efficient fuel cell system requires electrocatalysts to deliver greater activity and selectivity. Bimetallic catalysts have proven superior to single metal catalysts in this respect. This work reports the preparation, characterization, and electrocatalytic characteristics of a new bimetallic nanocatalyst. The catalyst, Pt-Au-graphene, was synthesized by electrodeposition of Pt-Au nanostructures on the surface of graphene sheets, and characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy-dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), and voltammetry. The morphology and composition of the nanocatalyst can be easily controlled by adjusting the molar ratio between Pt and Au precursors. The electrocatalytic characteristics of the nanocatalysts for the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) and the methanol oxidation reaction (MOR) were systematically investigated by cyclic voltammetry. The Pt-Au-graphene catalysts exhibits higher catalytic activity than Au-graphene and Pt-graphene catalysts for both the ORR and the MOR, and the highest activity is obtained at a Pt/Au molar ratio of 2:1. Moreover, graphene can significantly enhance the long-term stability of the nanocatalyst toward the MOR by effectively removing the accumulated carbonaceous species formed in the oxidation of methanol from the surface of the catalyst. Therefore, this work has demonstrated that a higher performance of ORR and the MOR could be realized at the Pt-Au-graphene electrocatalyst while Pt utilization also could be greatly diminished. This method may open a general approach for the morphology-controlled synthesis of bimetallic Pt-M nanocatalysts, which can be expected to have promising applications in fuel cells.

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“…The higher electronic conductivity of CPs compared to that of the conventional carbon-based catalyst support this higher attention during past two decades. Additionally, the higher surface area and unique synergistic effects with the metal NPs/metal oxide play an important role to improve the electrocatalytic activity of the catalysts and to stabilize fuel cell performance [ 39 , 40 ]. A significant effort has been made in the fabrication of Pt-free catalysts deposited on CPs, although loading of low-Pt nanomaterials on polymers is also used due to their high catalytic performance.…”

Section: Cpnh-based Electrode Materialsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Conducting Polymer-Based Nanohybrids for Fuel Cell Application

2020

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Carbon materials such as carbon graphitic structures, carbon nanotubes, and graphene nanosheets are extensively used as supports for electrocatalysts in fuel cells. Alternatively, conducting polymers displayed ultrahigh electrical conductivity and high chemical stability havegenerated an intense research interest as catalysts support for polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs) as well as microbial fuel cells (MFCs). Moreover, metal or metal oxides catalysts can be immobilized on the pure polymer or the functionalized polymer surface to generate conducting polymer-based nanohybrids (CPNHs) with improved catalytic performance and stability. Metal oxides generally have large surface area and/or porous structures and showed unique synergistic effects with CPs. Therefore, a stable, environmentally friendly bio/electro-catalyst can be obtained with CPNHs along with better catalytic activity and enhanced electron-transfer rate. The mass activity of Pd/polypyrrole (PPy) CPNHs as an anode material for ethanol oxidation is 7.5 and 78 times higher than that of commercial Pd/C and bulk Pd/PPy. The Pd rich multimetallic alloys incorporated on PPy nanofibers exhibited an excellent electrocatalytic activity which is approximately 5.5 times higher than monometallic counter parts. Similarly, binary and ternary Pt-rich electrocatalysts demonstrated superior catalytic activity for the methanol oxidation, and the catalytic activity of Pt24Pd26Au50/PPy significantly improved up to 12.5 A per mg Pt, which is approximately15 times higher than commercial Pt/C (0.85 A per mg Pt). The recent progress on CPNH materials as anode/cathode and membranes for fuel cell has been systematically reviewed, with detailed understandings into the characteristics, modifications, and performances of the electrode materials.

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A solid-polymer-electrolyte direct methanol fuel cell (DMFC) with Pt-Ru nanoparticles supported onto poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) and polystyrene sulphonic acid polymer composite as anode

Cited by 25 publications

References 39 publications

Progress in Developments of Inorganic Nanocatalysts for Application in Direct Methanol Fuel Cells

Progress in Developments of Inorganic Nanocatalysts for Application in Direct Methanol Fuel Cells

Bimetallic Pt–Au nanocatalysts electrochemically deposited on graphene and their electrocatalytic characteristics towards oxygen reduction and methanol oxidation

Conducting Polymer-Based Nanohybrids for Fuel Cell Application

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