The production of alkyl-free phenols (AFPs) from lignin can reduce dependence on fossil sources. Depolymerization (C alk −O bond cleavage) and dealkylation (C ar −C α bond cleavage) are two important steps from lignin to AFPs. Condensation of lignin fragments during depolymerization and harsh reaction conditions during dealkylation have been challenging. Here, we report a selective oxidation−hydrogenolysis−deacylation strategy. The C α H−OH in the β-O-4 structure is oxidized to C α �O by a preoxidation step, and then the phenolic monomers with acyl groups are obtained by hydrogenolysis over Ni-based catalysts and finally by acid-catalyzed deacylation to give AFPs. This strategy achieves effective cleavage of the C ar −C α bond under mild conditions while avoiding condensation. The AFP yield from β-O-4-hydroxy polymers exceeds 87%. Compared to oxidized lignin, the AFP yield reaches 8.8 wt % under optimized conditions. The C ar −C α bond cleavage and condensation reaction pathways were proposed by a combination of controlled experiments and density functional theory studies. This work provides a new route and theoretical support for the conversion of lignin to AFPs.