A solar cycle of spacecraft anomalies due to internal charging

Wrenn, G. L.; Rodgers, D.; Ryden, Keith

doi:10.5194/angeo-20-953-2002

Cited by 117 publications

(84 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…This variability is caused by an imbalance between source, transport, and loss processes, all of which become enhanced during geomagnetic storms [Horne, 2002;Summers et al, 2004Summers et al, , 2007Thorne et al, 2005;Horne et al, 2006]. Understanding this variability is important since enhanced fluxes of relativistic electrons damage spacecraft [Wrenn, 1995;Baker, 2001;Wrenn et al, 2002] and are a risk to humans in space. Indeed, as society becomes ever more reliant on its assets in space, there is an increasing need to improve our knowledge of the processes governing the behavior of these so-called ''killer'' electrons.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Slot region electron loss timescales due to plasmaspheric hiss and lightning‐generated whistlers

et al. 2007

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[1] Energetic electrons (E > 100 keV) in the Earth's radiation belts undergo Dopplershifted cyclotron resonant interactions with a variety of whistler mode waves leading to pitch angle scattering and subsequent loss to the atmosphere. In this study we assess the relative importance of plasmaspheric hiss and lightning-generated whistlers in the slot region and beyond. Electron loss timescales are determined using the Pitch Angle and energy Diffusion of Ions and Electrons (PADIE) code with global models of the spectral distributions of the wave power based on CRRES observations. Our results show that plasmaspheric hiss propagating at small and intermediate wave normal angles is a significant scattering agent in the slot region and beyond. In contrast, plasmaspheric hiss propagating at large wave normal angles and lightning-generated whistlers do not contribute significantly to radiation belt loss. The loss timescale of 2 MeV electrons due to plasmaspheric hiss propagating at small and intermediate wave normal angles in the center of the slot region (L = 2.5) lies in the range 1-10 days, consistent with recent Solar Anomalous and Magnetospheric Particle Explorer (SAMPEX) observations. Wave turbulence in space, which is responsible for the generation plasmaspheric hiss, thus leads to the formation of the slot region. During active periods, losses due to plasmaspheric hiss may occur on a timescale of 1 day or less for a wide range of energies, 200 keV < E < 1 MeV, in the region 3.5 < L < 4.0. Plasmaspheric hiss may thus also be a significant loss process in the inner region of the outer radiation belt during magnetically disturbed periods.Citation: Meredith, N. P., R. B. Horne, S. A. Glauert, and R. R. Anderson (2007), Slot region electron loss timescales due to plasmaspheric hiss and lightning-generated whistlers,

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Slot region electron loss timescales due to plasmaspheric hiss and lightning‐generated whistlers

et al. 2007

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“…Wrenn et al, 2002;Daglis et al, 2004;Iucci et al, 2005) and Earth's environment (e.g. Thorne, 1977;Lanzerotti, 2012).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Field-aligned chorus wave spectral power in Earth's outer radiation belt

Breuillard¹,

Agapitov

Artemyev

et al. 2015

Ann. Geophys.

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Abstract. Chorus-type whistler waves are one of the most intense electromagnetic waves generated naturally in the magnetosphere. These waves have a substantial impact on the radiation belt dynamics as they are thought to contribute to electron acceleration and losses into the ionosphere through resonant wave-particle interaction. Our study is devoted to the determination of chorus wave power distribution on frequency in a wide range of magnetic latitudes, from 0 to 40• . We use 10 years of magnetic and electric field wave power measured by STAFF-SA onboard Cluster spacecraft to model the initial (equatorial) chorus wave spectral power, as well as PEACE and RAPID measurements to model the properties of energetic electrons (∼ 0.1-100 keV) in the outer radiation belt. The dependence of this distribution upon latitude obtained from Cluster STAFF-SA is then consistently reproduced along a certain L-shell range (4 ≤ L ≤ 6.5), employing WHAMP-based ray tracing simulations in hot plasma within a realistic inner magnetospheric model. We show here that, as latitude increases, the chorus peak frequency is globally shifted towards lower frequencies. Making use of our simulations, the peak frequency variations can be explained mostly in terms of wave damping and amplification, but also cross-L propagation. These results are in good agreement with previous studies of chorus wave spectral extent using data from different spacecraft (Cluster, POLAR and THEMIS). The chorus peak frequency variations are then employed to calculate the pitch angle and energy diffusion rates, resulting in more effective pitch angle electron scattering (electron lifetime is halved) but less effective acceleration. These peak frequency parameters can thus be used to improve the accuracy of diffusion coefficient calculations.

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“…Among these links, seasonal effects in specific types of anomalies in geostationary satellites (GOES, MARECS-A, and to some extent in DRA-delta), and increases in anomalies during major geomagnetic storms were observed (Allen and Wilkinson, 1993;Wilkinson, 1994;Wrenn and Sims, 1993;Wrenn et al, 2002). Statistical analyses, to confirm and quantify these links, together with the investigation of their peculiar features in different orbits, will be conducted in this section.…”

Section: Geomagnetic Effectsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Space weather and space anomalies

et al. 2005

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Abstract.A large database of anomalies, registered by 220 satellites in different orbits over the period has been compiled. For the first time, data from 49 Russian Kosmos satellites have been included in a statistical analysis. The database also contains a large set of daily and hourly space weather parameters. A series of statistical analyses made it possible to quantify, for different satellite orbits, space weather conditions on the days characterized by anomaly occurrences. In particular, very intense fluxes (>1000 pfu at energy >10 MeV) of solar protons are linked to anomalies registered by satellites in high-altitude (>15 000 km), near-polar (inclination >55 • ) orbits typical for navigation satellites, such as those used in the GPS network, NAVSTAR, etc. (the rate of anomalies increases by a factor ∼20), and to a much smaller extent to anomalies in geostationary orbits, (they increase by a factor ∼4). Direct and indirect connections between anomaly occurrence and geomagnetic perturbations are also discussed.

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A solar cycle of spacecraft anomalies due to internal charging

Cited by 117 publications

References 6 publications

Slot region electron loss timescales due to plasmaspheric hiss and lightning‐generated whistlers

Slot region electron loss timescales due to plasmaspheric hiss and lightning‐generated whistlers

Field-aligned chorus wave spectral power in Earth's outer radiation belt

Space weather and space anomalies

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