A Soil Moisture Climatology of Illinois

Hollinger, Steven E.; Isard, Scott A.

doi:10.1175/1520-0442(1994)007<0822:asmcoi>2.0.co;2

Cited by 291 publications

(190 citation statements)

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“…There are general reports on how the surface features influence climate. Hollinger and Icard (1994) reported on the soil moisture climatology of Illinois. Rabin et al (1990) reported on the influences of landscape variation on convective clouds.…”

Section: Surface-feature-induced Climatic Changesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Man‐made climatic changes in the Ganges basin

Adel

2002

Intl Journal of Climatology

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Climate data pertaining to the Ganges basin in Bangladesh were analysed to find any climatic changes in the wake of the upstream water diversion by the Farakka Barrage. Whereas the diversions have been continuing from at least 30 international rivers upstream of Bangladesh, the diversion from the Ganges is the best known and has a wider coverage than all other diversions. The diversion reduced the Ganges' discharge through the delta by about 60% from a prediversion average value of 1932 m 3 s −1 , decreased water availability in flood plains, ponds, canals, and ditches by about 50%, dropped the groundwater table, and caused changes in surface features. It took about 5 years of diversions beyond the test run year of 1975 for the environment to react to set 1981 as the baseline year. During the post-baseline era:(1) heating degree days and cooling degree days were respectively 1.33 and 1.44 times more than their counterparts during the pre-baseline era; (2) the summertime and wintertime average temperatures were respectively 1°C more and 0.5°C less than the corresponding values during the pre-baseline era; (3) the mode 32°C of summertime maximum temperatures was 1°C higher and occurred 414 times more, and the mode 25°C of wintertime temperature was 1°C less and occurred 17 times less than the corresponding quantities during the pre-baseline era; (4) the average value of maximum relative humidity has increased by more than 2% and that of minimum relative humidity has dropped by the same amount; (5) the mode 95% and 70% of maximum and minimum relative humidity values have occurred 1322 times and 84 times more respectively than their pre-baseline counterparts; and (6) the frequency for 100 mm or more rainfall and the monthly average rainfalls have dropped by about 50% and 30% respectively. The solution to the climatic changes lies in the restoration of the virgin Ganges flow, dredging of the Ganges and its distributaries to remove shoals and siltation, and re-excavation of canals for water discharge to depleted surface water bodies to re-establish the lost wetland ecosystems. The findings are useful for climate modellers to predict the climatic changes due to changes in surface features, for policy makers of governments of riparian countries constructing dams/barrages on international rivers for unilateral diversion of water, and for donor agencies who finance such projects.

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Section: Surface-feature-induced Climatic Changesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Man‐made climatic changes in the Ganges basin

Adel

2002

Intl Journal of Climatology

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“…The Illinois data set is soil moisture observations from 18 different stations in the state of Illinois, USA, (Hollinger and Isard, 1994). At all stations the soil moisture was observed from a grass plot.…”

Section: Illinoismentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of Global Soil Wetness Project Soil Moisture Simulations

Entin

Robock

Vinnikov

et al. 1999

Journal of the Meteorological Society of Japan

118

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To produce a global soil moisture "data set," ten different land surface models were forced with meteorological observations for a two-year period for the Global Soil Wetness Project (GSWP). We compare observed plant-available soil moisture in the top 1-m soil layer to the same quantity generated by the models. Our soil moisture observations are from grasslands and agricultural regions in Russia, Illinois (USA), China, and Mongolia.None of the models does a good job of producing the actual soil moisture value for any of the regions. Thus, GSWP has not yet demonstrated the ability to produce global soil wetness data sets. Once the bias is removed, the models do a fairly good job of reproducing the seasonal cycle of soil moisture for the various areas. The model biases are different in different locations, so correcting them with a simple adjustment of the mean will not produce correct results. Better specification of parameters, or better representation of physical and biological processes, is still needed to improve these models.Future GSWP experiments should be conducted for a longer time period. They should emphasize catchment scale validation and higher time resolution of model output. Increased soil moisture observations, possibly incorporating satellite measurements, also would greatly improve a second project.

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“…The flow chart in Figure 2 depicts the ways that the land surface contributes energy and moisture to the BL, but convection is determined by the absolute conditions of the BL. These are strongly dependent on the local conditions during the previous day and on the amount of large-scale advection, as well as the land surface effects dis- The soil moisture data used in this study is the same as that used by FE97: the reader is referred to that paper and to Hollinger and Isard [1994] •,8.5…”

Section: Wet-bulb Depressionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analysis of the pathways relating soil moisture and subsequent rainfall in Illinois

Findell¹,

Eltahir²

1999

J. Geophys. Res.

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Abstract. This study is a continuation of an earlier work [Findell and Eltahir, 1997] on the soil moisture-rainfall feedback using a data set of biweekly neutron probe measurements of soil moisture at up to 19 stations throughout Illinois. Analyses in this earlier work showed a positive correlation between initial soil saturation and subsequent rainfall from early June to midAugust. This correlation was more significant than the serial correlation within precipitation, suggesting the likelihood of a physical mechanism linking soil moisture to subsequent rainfall. This paper probes the nature of such a physical pathway linking soil moisture to subsequent rainfall. The pathway is divided into two stages: soil moisture and near-surface air, and nearsurface air and rainfall. An analysis of the connections between an average daily soil saturation for the whole state of Illinois with statewide average near-surface air conditions did not yield the anticipated positive correlation between soil moisture and moist static energy (MSE). It is not clear if this is due to limitations of the data or of the theory. Other factors, such as clouds, could potentially be masking the impacts of soil moisture on the energy of the nearsurface air. There was evidence, however, that moisture availability at the surface has a very strong impact on the wet-bulb depression of near-surface air, particularly from mid-May to the end of August, showing good correspondence to the period of significant soil moisture-rainfall association. The final set of analyses performed used hourly boundary layer and rainfall data. A link between high MSE and high rainfall was noted during some summer months, and a link between low wet-bulb depression and high rainfall was evident for all of the months analyzed (April through September). These analyses suggest that the significant but weak correlation between soil moisture and rainfall during Illinois summers is at least partially due to soil moisture controls on the wet-bulb depression of near-surface air.

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A Soil Moisture Climatology of Illinois

Cited by 291 publications

References 0 publications

Man‐made climatic changes in the Ganges basin

Man‐made climatic changes in the Ganges basin

Evaluation of Global Soil Wetness Project Soil Moisture Simulations

Analysis of the pathways relating soil moisture and subsequent rainfall in Illinois

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