A socioeconomic, clinical and serological study in an African City of prostitutes and women still married to their first husband

Duncan, M E; Tibaux, G; Pelzer, A; Mehari, L; Peutherer, J F; Young, H; Jamil, Yasmin; Darougar, S; Piot, Peter; Roggen, Erwin L.

doi:10.1016/0277-9536(94)90128-7

Cited by 16 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…The majority of the women in this study (66%) similar to a study conducted by Duncan et al (1994) in Africa were between the ages of 20 and 29. Women between the ages of 30-39 constituted 11% of the participants.…”

Section: Simsek Kisa and Dziegielewski 59supporting

confidence: 74%

“…To date, several studies from other countries have investigated knowledge, beliefs, and practices related to STIs among prostitutes and their clients (Duncan et al, 1994;Mak & Plum 1991;Moses et al, 1994;Pickering et al, 1992). Based on their relationship to STIs and the contribution they make to the spread of these diseases, sex workers have become the focus of STI control measures.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Sex Workers and the Issues Surrounding Registration in Turkey

Simsek

Kısa

Dziegielewski

2003

Journal of Health & Social Policy

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Awareness of the activities of commercial sex workers can be an important step toward understanding the transmission of sexually transmitted infections (STIs) in developing countries. This study discusses how sex workers are viewed in Turkey and the process of mandatory registration. To support the information provided and the conclusions drawn, a sample of 150 sex workers who made regular visits to a STI hospital was interviewed. Information on socio-demographic characteristics, family and support information and certain risk behaviors were solicited. Recommendations for increasing preventive education are made, with considerations for increased attention and support for this group of individuals.

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Section: Simsek Kisa and Dziegielewski 59supporting

confidence: 74%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sex Workers and the Issues Surrounding Registration in Turkey

Simsek

Kısa

Dziegielewski

2003

Journal of Health & Social Policy

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“…It is widely agreed that there is an urgent need for community-based assessment of STI in different socio-cultural settings, as such infections have been found to be highly prevalent even in women considered to be at low risk (Duncan et al 1994, Behets et al 2001. Unfortunately, population-based data on STI prevalence and patterns are scanty in developing countries and in Brazil only two studies have been published (Soares et al 2003, Miranda et al 2004).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sexually transmitted infections, bacterial vaginosis, and candidiasis in women of reproductive age in rural Northeast Brazil: a population-based study

Oliveira

Pfleger²,

Lang³

et al. 2007

Mem. Inst. Oswaldo Cruz

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Population-based data on sexually transmitted infections (STI), bacterial vaginosis (BV), Laboratory testing included polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for human papillomavirus (HPV), ligase chain reaction (LCR) for Chlamydia trachomatis and Neisseria gonorrhoeae, ELISA for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), venereal disease research laboratory (VDRL) and fluorescent treponema antibody absorption test (FTA-ABS) for syphilis, and analysis of wet mounts, gram stains and Pap smears for trichomoniasis, candidiasis, and BV. Only women who had initiated sexual life were included in the analysis (n = 592). The prevalences of STI were , chlamydia 4. 5% (3.0-6.6), trichomoniasis 4.1% (2.7-6.1), gonorrhoea 1. 2% (0.5-2.6), syphilis 0. 2% (0.0-1.1), and HIV 0%. The prevalence of ) and 12. 5% (10.0-15.5 ), respectively. The most common gynaecological complaint was lower abdominal pain. STI are common in women in rural Brazil and represent an important health threat in view of the HIV pandemic.Key words: sexually transmitted infections -reproductive tract infections -prevalence -epidemiology -Brazil Sexually transmitted infections (STI) are a major cause of morbidity throughout the world, particularly in developing countries (Gerbase et al. 1998). In women, STI are often chronic and present with little or no symptoms, but eventually may lead to severe sequels, such as chronic pelvic inflammatory disease, ectopic pregnancy, and infertility (WHO 2000). The impact of STI on the health of women tends to be more severe in resourcepoor settings where diagnostic and treatment facilities are inappropriate. Here, women often are not aware of STI as health problems, and health care seeking behaviour is poor (Giffin & Lowndes 1999). Relatively high prevalences of STI have been documented in such settings e.g. from Brazil, Papua New Guinea, and The Gambia (Walraven et al. 2001, Mgone et al. 2002, Soares et al. 2003. STI, as well as bacterial vaginosis (BV), are considered to increase the risk of acquiring human immunodefiency virus (HIV) (Sewankambo et al. 1997, Rottingen et al. 2001.In Brazil, the HIV epidemic is characterized by changing dynamics, currently reaching new population groups, namely women, underprivileged individuals, and communities outside the great urban centres (Fonseca et al. 2000, Brazilian Ministry of Health 2006. Reliable epidemiological data from Brazilian women on STI and other reproductive tract infections (RTI), such as BV and candidiasis, are scanty. Syphilis and HIV in pregnant women, AIDS, and congenital syphilis are notifiable infections, but the epidemiologic situation of other RTI is rather enigmatic. Studies have addressed the issue of STI in certain specific groups, such as patients attending STI clinics, gynaecology and obstetric outpatient departments, female prisoners or commercial sex workers (Miranda et al. 2000, Benzaken et al. 2002, Codes et al. 2002, Cook et al. 2004. However, these studies do not allow to conclude on the burden of disease on the community level.To increase further the knowledge...

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“…The partner's sexual behaviour has an impact on the presence of STIs in women [23][24][25]. In general, in Brazil, male promiscuity is considered normal and socially acceptable, and is often accepted by the female partners [26].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Risk factors for sexually transmitted infections in women in rural Northeast Brazil

Oliveira

Lang

Ehrig

et al. 2008

J Infect Dev Ctries

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Background: Sexually transmitted infections (STIs) are highly prevalent in northeast Brazil, but factors associated with the presence of an STI have rarely been studied systematically. Methodology: We performed a population-based study to assess factors associated with STIs in women of reproductive age (12 to 49 years) in a rural setting in northeast Brazil. A total of 734 women were eligible; 592 (80.7%) had initiated sexual life and were included. Women were examined for the presence of an STI. Socio-economic variables, sexual history, and behaviour were assessed through a structured questionnaire. Laboratory testing included: polymerase chain reaction for human papillomavirus (HPV); ligase chain reaction for Chlamydia trachomatis and Neisseria gonorrhoeae; VDRL and FTA-ABS for Treponema pallidum; analysis of wet mounts, gram stain and Pap smears for Trichomonas vaginalis; and ELISA for HIV. Results: At least one STI was present in 112 (19.6%) of the women. In logistic regression analysis, a previous visit to a Pap smear clinic was protective against an STI (OR=0.26; IC 95%: 0.12-0.57). The following variables were independently associated with STIs: ≥3 partners in life (2.35; 1.32-4.17); first pregnancy <16 years of age (2.28; 1.09-4.78); not knowing if partner had another partner (3.56; 1.09-11.62). Conclusions: The protective and risk factors identified can guide the implementation of gender-and age-specific control programs in rural northeast Brazil. Offering a simple preventive measure (Pap smear collection), usually done by a nurse in this setting, may be a useful opportunity for diagnosis and treatment of curable STIs, without considerable additional costs.

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A socioeconomic, clinical and serological study in an African City of prostitutes and women still married to their first husband

Cited by 16 publications

References 34 publications

Sex Workers and the Issues Surrounding Registration in Turkey

Sex Workers and the Issues Surrounding Registration in Turkey

Sexually transmitted infections, bacterial vaginosis, and candidiasis in women of reproductive age in rural Northeast Brazil: a population-based study

Risk factors for sexually transmitted infections in women in rural Northeast Brazil

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