A Social Factor Associated with the Severity of Periodontal Disease

Russell, A.L.

doi:10.1177/00220345570360061701

Cited by 33 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…These results agree with the studies of Russell,[15] Nikias et al .,[16] and Waerhaug,[17] which showed that prevalence of periodontal disease was inversely related to increasing family income.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

Evaluating dental awareness and periodontal health status in different socioeconomic groups in the population of Sundernagar, Himachal Pradesh, India

Gautam

Vikas

Amrinder

et al. 2012

J Int Soc Prevent Communit Dent

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Context:Survey.Aims:To evaluate dental awareness and periodontal health status in different socioeconomic groups in the population of Sundernagar, Himachal Pradesh, India.Settings and Design:Cross-sectional study.Malerials and Methods:This cross-sectional study was conducted in 300 patients with different socioeconomic status who visited Himachal Dental College, Sundernagar, and Dental OPD of the Civil Hospital, Sundernagar. Mouth mirror, CPI probe, and illuminated light source were used for examination. Periodontal health status was recorded using CPI index. Information about their lifestyle, education level, and socioeconomic status was recorded using a questionnaire and correlated with the periodontal status.Statistical Analysis Used:Chi-square test.Results:Majority of the subjects used toothbrush and toothpaste to clean their teeth once daily. Lower socioeconomic groups exhibited higher CPI scores characterized by bleeding gums and calculus deposition. The differences were statistically significant across various social strata (P < 0.01).Conclusions:The utilization of the questionnaire on dental awareness facilitates the inclusion of multiple aspects of patient information. The study revealed that oral hygiene awareness and periodontal condition were significantly associated with socioeconomic status. The socioeconomic status and oral hygiene practices were significantly associated with CPI (P < 0.01).

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

Evaluating dental awareness and periodontal health status in different socioeconomic groups in the population of Sundernagar, Himachal Pradesh, India

Gautam

Vikas

Amrinder

et al. 2012

J Int Soc Prevent Communit Dent

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“…The number of years of education was significantly associated with the variables of periodontal health such that the more education one had, the better was his periodontal condition. This finding is again consistent with the results of other studies which related socioeconomic status to periodontal disease (Russell 1957, Russell & Ayers 1960, Kelly & Van Kirk 1965. Males were shown to have higher risk than females in major periodontal disease indicators such as gingivitis, average pocket depth, calculus, and plaque, being consistent with the findings of other studies (Russell 1957, Kelly & Van Kirk 1965.…”

Section: Methods Of Analysissupporting

confidence: 92%

A genetic and epidemiologic study of periodontal disease in Hawaii

Chung

Kau

Chung

et al. 1977

J of Periodontal Research

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Using a modification of the Ramfjord procedure, 939 individuals aged 14 years or above of six racial groups were examined for periodontal disease to study the effects of genetic and epidemiologic factors with special emphasis on inbreeding and race. Other factors studied included sex, age, years of edacation, frequency of toothbrushing, smoking, tooth malalignment, and medical history.Among six racial groups, two distinct clusters were discernible even when relevant concomitant variables including years of education and oral hygiene practice were adjusted for. Caucasians, Japanese, and «Others» had cleariy higher levels of periodontal health status than Hawaiians or part-Hawaiians, Samoans, and Filipinos. The difference in Samoans and Fflipinos may be explained in part by cultural and socioeconomic factors associated with their recent immigration to Hawaii. Inbreeding was not related to any indicator of periodontal disease showing inconsistency with the hypothesis of significant role of recessive genes in the etiology of the disease.Smoking was found to have adverse effect on periodontal health status, whereas no clear-cut association was noted with tooth malalignment. The principal component analysis on eight periodontal disease variables led to the extraction of two major factors, destructive periodontal disease and plaque accumulation.

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“…Several indices have been reported which attempt to record the presence and extent of gingival inflammation, eg PMA index (Schour & Massler 1947), periodontal index (Russell 1957), gingival index (Loe & Silness 1963) and the gingival bleeding index (Ainamo & Bay 1975). These indices depend on clinical and visual assessment of inflammation and have several disadvantages.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Changes in salivary peroxidase activity observed during experimentally‐induced gingivitis

Smith¹,

Smith²,

Bash³

et al. 1984

J Clinic Periodontology

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Gingivitis was experimentally induced in 8 human subjects using an acrylic overlay to cover the teeth in the experimental area during any oral hygiene procedures. The overlays were used for a period of 3 weeks, after which the subjects received a scale and polish and then practised normal oral hygiene. At regular intervals during the experimental period, mixed saliva was collected for assay of peroxidase activity by spectrophotometric and test-strip procedures and plaque and gingival indices were assessed clinically. A considerable increase in peroxidase activity was observed during the experimental period, which declined after normal hygiene was resumed. This procedure may allow assessment of the progression of gingivitis under experimental conditions.

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A Social Factor Associated with the Severity of Periodontal Disease

Cited by 33 publications

References 3 publications

Evaluating dental awareness and periodontal health status in different socioeconomic groups in the population of Sundernagar, Himachal Pradesh, India

Evaluating dental awareness and periodontal health status in different socioeconomic groups in the population of Sundernagar, Himachal Pradesh, India

A genetic and epidemiologic study of periodontal disease in Hawaii

Changes in salivary peroxidase activity observed during experimentally‐induced gingivitis

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