A Snow Algal Community on Tyndall Glacier in the Southern Patagonia Icefield, Chile

Takeuchi, Nozomu; Kohshima, Shiro

doi:10.1657/1523-0430(2004)036[0092:asacot]2.0.co;2

Cited by 70 publications

(88 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…The dramatic changes of the air masses may lead to differences in the microbial species pool and thus result in the distinct community composition of microorganisms across the glaciers. On the other hand, differences in the local climatic and environmental conditions, such as temperature, light intensity, meltwater availability and nutrient concentrations in the glacier ice (Takeuchi et al, 1998(Takeuchi et al, , 2001Takeuchi and Li, 2008;Takeuchi and Kohshima, 2004) may cause significant variation in the growth rate of tolerant microorganisms, which in turn may lead to the subsequent changes in the community composition of microorganisms in glacier ice. Variations in the phylogenetic population pool as a result of both aeolian and post-deposition processes lead to the apparent zonal distribution of microbial communities, which clearly corresponds to the distances across the four geographically isolated glaciers (Fig.…”

Section: Climatic and Environmental Implications Of Microbial Communimentioning

confidence: 99%

Differences in community composition of bacteria in four glaciers in western China

Chen

Xiang

et al. 2010

Biogeosciences

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Abstract. Microbial community patterns vary in glaciers worldwide, presenting unique responses to global climatic and environmental changes. Four bacterial clone libraries were established by 16S rRNA gene amplification from four ice layers along the 42-m-long ice core MuztB drilled from the Muztag Ata Glacier. A total of 151 bacterial sequences obtained from the ice core MuztB were phylogenetically compared with the 71 previously reported sequences from three ice cores extracted from ice caps Malan, Dunde, and Puruogangri. Six phylogenetic clusters Flavisolibacter, Flexibacter (Bacteroidetes), Acinetobacter, Enterobacter (Gammaproteobacteria), Planococcus/Anoxybacillus (Firmicutes), and Propionibacter/Luteococcus (Actinobacteria) frequently occurred along the Muztag Ata Glacier profile, and their proportion varied by seasons. Sequence analysis showed that most of the sequences from the ice core clustered with those from cold environments, and the sequence clusters from the same glacier more closely grouped together than those from the geographically isolated glaciers. Moreover, bacterial communities from the same location or similarlyCorrespondence to: S.-R. Xiang (srxiang@ns.lzb.ac.cn) aged ice formed a cluster, and were clearly separate from those from other geographically isolated glaciers. In summary, the findings provide preliminary evidence of zonal distribution of microbial community, and suggest biogeography of microorganisms in glacier ice.

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Section: Climatic and Environmental Implications Of Microbial Communimentioning

confidence: 99%

Differences in community composition of bacteria in four glaciers in western China

Chen

Xiang

et al. 2010

Biogeosciences

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“…Ice algae are dominated by several species of green algae and cyanobacteria. The relative abundance of different species of ice algae and cyanobacteria vary spatially: the green alga Mesotaenium berggrenii has been shown to dominate near the termini of Qaanaaq Glacier (north-western Greenland: Uetake et al, 2010) and Tyndall Glacier (Patagonia: Takeuchi and Kohshima, 2004) and is also present in western Greenland (Yallop et al, 2012). Ancylonema nordenskioldii was found to dominate the upper ablation areas of Gulkana Glacier (Alaska: Takeuchi et al, 2009) and Qaanaaq Glacier (Uetake et al, 2010) and is spread extensively over the western Greenland Ice Sheet along with Cylindrocystis spp.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Lutz et al, 2016), which is unsurprising, since the majority of the variation in albedo is due to physical characteristics of the snow or ice including internal factors such as ice crystal size and water content as well as external factors such as solar angle, atmospheric effects, shading and multiple reflections between surface roughness elements (Gardner and Sharp, 2010). Takeuchi (2002), Takeuchi and Kohshima (2004) and Takeuchi et al (2015) showed the albedo reduction resulting from biotic and abiotic impurities to vary between different glaciers, signifying that the mass and optical properties of abiotic impurities such as dust are also crucial determinants of surface albedo. This may be particularly relevant on the western Greenland Ice Sheet, where high concentrations of dust may be outcropping from melting Holocene ice (Bøg-gild et al, 2010;Wientjes et al, 2010Wientjes et al, , 2011.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Quantifying bioalbedo: a new physically based model and discussion of empirical methods for characterising biological influence on ice and snow albedo

et al. 2017

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Abstract. The darkening effects of biological impurities on ice and snow have been recognised as a control on the surface energy balance of terrestrial snow, sea ice, glaciers and ice sheets. With a heightened interest in understanding the impacts of a changing climate on snow and ice processes, quantifying the impact of biological impurities on ice and snow albedo ("bioalbedo") and its evolution through time is a rapidly growing field of research. However, rigorous quantification of bioalbedo has remained elusive because of difficulties in isolating the biological contribution to ice albedo from that of inorganic impurities and the variable optical properties of the ice itself. For this reason, isolation of the biological signature in reflectance data obtained from aerial/orbital platforms has not been achieved, even when ground-based biological measurements have been available. This paper provides the cell-specific optical properties that are required to model the spectral signatures and broadband darkening of ice. Applying radiative transfer theory, these properties provide the physical basis needed to link biological and glaciological ground measurements with remotely sensed reflectance data. Using these new capabilities we confirm that biological impurities can influence ice albedo, then we identify 10 challenges to the measurement of bioalbedo in the field with the aim of improving future experimental designs to better quantify bioalbedo feedbacks. These challenges are (1) ambiguity in terminology, (2) characterising snow or ice optical properties, (3) characterising solar irradiance, (4) determining optical properties of cells, (5) measuring biomass, (6) characterising vertical distribution of cells, (7) characterising abiotic impurities, (8) surface anisotropy, (9) measuring indirect albedo feedbacks, and (10) measurement and instrument configurations. This paper aims to provide a broad audience of glaciologists and biologists with an overview of radiative transfer and albedo that could support future experimental design.

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“…Snow algae have been described as simple communities that consist of few species (Takeuchi 2001) and are generally considered to occur in closed ecosystems (Hoham and Duval 2001). Most biogeographic studies of snow algae focus on altitudinal gradients and demonstrate that these simple communities drastically differ in the altitudinal patterning of their cell abundances (Yoshimura et al 1997;Takeuchi 2001;Takeuchi and Kohshima 2004), suggesting that snow algae are strongly ordered by differences in ice pack structure even at a local scale. It is uncertain whether the observed differences between these snow algae result from geographic distance, differences in substrate quality, or subtle meteorolog-ical or topological differences.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Community of Clones: Snow Algae Are Diverse Communities of Spatially Structured Clones

Brown

Ungerer

Jumpponen

2016

International Journal of Plant Sciences

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Premise of research. Snow algae are cosmopolitan and often colonize late-season snowpacks. These snow algae do not occur in isolation; rather, visible algal blooms consist of multispecies communities. Although several of these common snow algae have been characterized taxonomically, their inter-and intraspecific diversity remains unknown. Further, the phylogeographic and biogeographic structuring of snow algal species is poorly understood.Methodology. Algal communities were censused by sequencing the variable internal transcribed spacer 2 locus using Illumina MiSeq. We further analyzed two of the most common and abundant algal operational taxonomic units (OTUs) for biogeographic haplotype diversity.Pivotal results. Our data show that the communities are diverse and taxonomically broad (orders: Chlamydomonadales [74% of OTUs], Microthamniales [20% OTUs], and Chlorellales [6% OTUs]). We demonstrate that the two most common species (best nucleotide basic local alignment search tool match to Coenochloris sp. and Chlamydomonas sp.) have distinct haplotype distributions locally and regionally. Each sampled algal colony was dominated by one and only one haplotype, with negligible intraspecific haplotype diversity.Conclusions. Our results suggest that snow algae are communities of clones within a discrete patch yet are heterogeneous across the landscape. Thus, these communities are likely structured via strong priority effects, intense kin competition, and dispersal limitations.

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A Snow Algal Community on Tyndall Glacier in the Southern Patagonia Icefield, Chile

Cited by 70 publications

References 21 publications

Differences in community composition of bacteria in four glaciers in western China

Differences in community composition of bacteria in four glaciers in western China

Quantifying bioalbedo: a new physically based model and discussion of empirical methods for characterising biological influence on ice and snow albedo

A Community of Clones: Snow Algae Are Diverse Communities of Spatially Structured Clones

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