A Snapshot on the Current Status of Alzheimer’s Disease, Treatment Perspectives, <i>in-Vitro</i> and <i>in-Vivo</i> Research Studies and Future Opportunities

Abstract

Alzheimer's Disease (AD) is one of the most challenging diseases faced by humankind. AD is still not classified as curable because of the complex structure of pathologies underlying it. As the mean life expectancy of the world population constantly increases, the prevalence of AD and treatment costs for AD also grow rapidly. Current state of the art for AD treatment mainly consists of palliative therapy aimed at providing symptomatic relief and improving the standard of living in patients with AD. However, different research groups are working on more effective and safe drug delivery options aimed at both symptomatic relief and treatment of the underlying mechanisms. In this review, the current prevalence of AD, health costs, pathologies, and available treatment options including the ones in the market and/or under trial have been reviewed. Data in the existing literature have been presented, and future opportunities have been discussed. It is our belief that these nanotechnological products provide the required efficacy and safety profiles to enable these formulations go through phase studies and enter the market after regulatory authority approval, as with cancer. Last, but not the least the metabolomic studies will be providing useful informative data on the early diagnosis of AD, thus may be clinical implications might be delayed with the administration of therapeutic agents at the initial state of the disease.

Four-Dimensional Label-Free Quantitative Proteomics of Ginsenoside Rg2 Ameliorated Scopolamine-Induced Memory Impairment in Mice through the Lysosomal Pathway

“…This disease often leads to memory loss, cognitive impairment, difficulties in daily tasks, and behavioral problems in patients . With the aging of the global population and the steady increase in average life expectancy, the incidence of AD also correspondingly increased . AD has gradually become an increasingly serious health problem, with significant impacts on individuals and society .…”

Revealing the Mechanisms of Byu dMar 25 in the Treatment of Alzheimer’s Disease through Network Pharmacology, Molecular Docking, and In Vivo Experiment

“…About 50 million people worldwide suffer from AD, and the number is increasing year by year. It is estimated that the number of AD patients will exceed 115 million by 2050 . However, the single-target drugs such as galanthamine and memantine used in the clinical treatment of AD can only improve a certain link of AD, with problems such as different curative effects and great toxic and side effects, which cannot improve or even reverse the course of the disease .…”

“…It is estimated that the number of AD patients will exceed 115 million by 2050. 1 However, the single-target drugs such as galanthamine and memantine used in the clinical treatment of AD can only improve a certain link of AD, with problems such as different curative effects and great toxic and side effects, which cannot improve or even reverse the course of the disease. 2 Currently, there are no specific drugs for AD, and the development of highly effective anti-AD drugs with few side effects has become a hot research topic.…”

High-throughput screening for amyloid-β binding natural small-molecules based on the combinational use of biolayer interferometry and UHPLC−DAD-Q/TOF-MS/MS

“…Alzheimer's disease (AD), an age-related neurodegenerative disease, has become the most common dementia and accounted for almost 60%–80% of all cases 1 . The epidemiological data indicated that the prevalence of AD is increasing with the world's population ageing.…”