“…The SPH method was originally invented to solve astrophysical problems in the open space such as binary stars, stellar collisions and motion near black holes. Later, it has been extensively studied and extended to different problems in engineering and sciences, such as multi-phase [22,23] and multi-scale [24] flows, high strain hydrodynamics with material strength [25][26][27][28], explosion and underwater explosion [29][30][31], and many others [32][33][34]. As a comparatively new computational method, SPH combines the advantages of meshfree, Lagrangian and particle methods.…”