“…With well-defined physical meanings, it efficiently tackles high-dimensional optimization problems in continuous solution spaces, but it may not be the first choice for non-continuous solution spaces that commonly appear in mathematics, statistics, and many other fields, even via the remedy of a simple round-off (Kim et al, 2010). As a result, the SIB method (Phoa, 2017) was proposed for this manner with a wide range of applications, including the constructions of optimal experimental designs , the uniform distribution of testing points (Phoa and Chang, 2016;Huang and Phoa, 2023), supercomputing scheduling (Lin and Phoa, 2019), hot spot determination (Hsu and Phoa, 2018), traveling salesman problem (Yen and Phoa, 2021), and many others.…”