“…The first perspective deals with BDA implementation in a specific domain, while the second perspective deals with technological aspects. From an application perspective, BDA utilization has been addressed in various smart city domains, such as planning [3,10,22,23], traffic control and transportation [24,25], crime analysis [7], energy [26], environment [27], healthcare [8,14,28], and logistics [19]. A direct and intuitive way to evaluate the impact of incorporating BDA in decision-making on the efficiency of the decision taken is to track a quantified performance measure indicator (e.g., processing time, service cost) before and after applying the decisions.…”