A small volume thermodynamic system for <i>B</i>/<i>A</i> measurement

Zhang, Jian; Dunn, F.E.

doi:10.1121/1.400370

Cited by 17 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…The availability of small amounts of biological samples have frequently caused problems for experimental determinations of B /A. However, most recently a thermodynamic method capable of determining the B/A value of a 4-ml sample volume with a measurement error less than 0.7% has been reported [44]. The method involves a procedure in which the static pressure of the sample is altered very fast, to approximate and adiabatic process, dunng during which the ultrasonic velocity, to form a basis for the calculation of B/A, is measured.…”

Section: + E [9200]mentioning

confidence: 99%

Acoustic Nonlinearity Parameter B/a of Biological Media

BJØRNØ

2024

Non-Linear Acoustics: A Tutorial Meeting 1992

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Section: + E [9200]mentioning

confidence: 99%

Acoustic Nonlinearity Parameter B/a of Biological Media

BJØRNØ

2024

Non-Linear Acoustics: A Tutorial Meeting 1992

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“…This range is very small in comparison with the range of a, and thus it is attenuation that dominates the difference in non-linear behaviour between low-loss fluids and soft tissues. The preferred method of measurement is the thermodynamic method [35][36][37], replacing the less accurate finite-amplitude method [38,39], at least when large volumes of material are available. The thermodynamic method requires the measurement of sound velocity as a function of hydrostatic pressure and temperature.…”

Section: Non-linear Propagation In Soft Tissuesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tissue non-linearity

Duck

2009

Proc Inst Mech Eng H

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The propagation of acoustic waves is a fundamentally non-linear process, and only waves with infinitesimally small amplitudes may be described by linear expressions. In practice, all ultrasound propagation is associated with a progressive distortion in the acoustic waveform and the generation of frequency harmonics. At the frequencies and amplitudes used for medical diagnostic scanning, the waveform distortion can result in the formation of acoustic shocks, excess deposition of energy, and acoustic saturation. These effects occur most strongly when ultrasound propagates within liquids with comparatively low acoustic attenuation, such as water, amniotic fluid, or urine. Attenuation by soft tissues limits but does not extinguish these non-linear effects. Harmonics may be used to create tissue harmonic images. These offer improvements over conventional B-mode images in spatial resolution and, more significantly, in the suppression of acoustic clutter and side-lobe artefacts. The quantity B/A has promise as a parameter for tissue characterization, but methods for imaging B/A have shown only limited success. Standard methods for the prediction of tissue in-situ exposure from acoustic measurements in water, whether for regulatory purposes, for safety assessment, or for planning therapeutic regimes, may be in error because of unaccounted non-linear losses. Biological effects mechanisms are altered by finite-amplitude effects.

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“…One can distinguish between two families for measuring the nonlinear ultrasound BIA parameter [1][2][3]. This factor may be deduced by the so called thermodynamic or finite amplitude methods.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ultrasound transducer sensitivity in non linear parameter measurement

Kourtiche

Nadi

Rouane

et al. 2008

2008 3rd International Conference on Sensing Technology

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We present a procedure for measurement of the non linear BIA parameter using a simple comparative method . A theoretical model of the measurement system is proposed. A function sensitivity of the system is derived in order to connect the electric and acoustic magnitudes. Thus the optimal conditions in order to avoid complex calculation of the transducers sensitivities were carried out. We showed that the sensitivity function of the measurement system can be kept close to the unit by making a good choice of the fundamental frequency. Indeed if the frequency of the source transducer is chosen less than the resonance frequency we can avoid determining the sensitivities. Measurements had been carried out to validate the procedure and the theoretical aspects.

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A small volume thermodynamic system for B/A measurement

Cited by 17 publications

References 16 publications

Acoustic Nonlinearity Parameter B/a of Biological Media

Acoustic Nonlinearity Parameter B/a of Biological Media

Tissue non-linearity

Ultrasound transducer sensitivity in non linear parameter measurement

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