A small-scale CAES (compressed air energy storage) system for stand-alone renewable energy power plant for a radio base station: A sizing-design methodology

Jannelli, Elio; Minutillo, Mariagiovanna; Lavadera, A. Lubrano; Falcucci, Giacomo

doi:10.1016/j.energy.2014.10.016

Cited by 99 publications

(45 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…To overcome the requirement of suitable geological underground cavern in large‐scale CAES, SS‐CAES can be utilized in the DG power system having man‐made aboveground storage and can be used anywhere just like batteries, and as such, SS‐CAES can replace the batteries which are not easy to recycle and dangerous, if not properly handled …”

Section: Energy Storage Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

An updated review of energy storage systems: Classification and applications in distributed generation power systems incorporating renewable energy resources

2018

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Summary The demand of electric energy is increasing globally, and the fact remains that the major share of this energy is still being produced from the traditional generation technologies. However, the recent trends, for obvious reasons of environmental concerns, are indicating a paradigm shift towards distributed generation (DG) incorporating renewable energy resources (RERs). But there are associated challenges with high penetration of RERs as these resources are unpredictable and stochastic in nature, and as a result, it becomes difficult to provide immediate response to demand variations. This is where energy storage systems (ESSs) come to the rescue, and they not only can compensate the stochastic nature and sudden deficiencies of RERs but can also enhance the grid stability, reliability, and efficiency by providing services in power quality, bridging power, and energy management. This paper provides an extensive review of different ESSs, which have been in use and also the ones that are currently in developing stage, describing their working principles and giving a comparative analysis of important features and technical as well as economic characteristics. The wide range of storage technologies, with each ESS being different in terms of the scale of power, response time, energy/power density, discharge duration, and cost coupled with the complex characteristics matrices, makes it difficult to select a particular ESS for a specific application. The comparative analysis presented in this paper helps in this regard and provides a clear picture of the suitability of ESSs for different power system applications, categorized appropriately. The paper also brings out the associated challenges and suggests the future research directions.

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Section: Energy Storage Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

An updated review of energy storage systems: Classification and applications in distributed generation power systems incorporating renewable energy resources

2018

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“…SS-CAES systems can be also used as parts of an uninterruptable power supply (UPS). In the SS-CAES system, tanks or vessels are used to store the compressed air [34,35]. The air drives an air motor or a turbine, which in turn drives an electric generator that supplies power to consumers.…”

Section: Ss-caes Systemmentioning

confidence: 99%

Maximum Power Point Tracking of a Small-Scale Compressed Air Energy Storage System

Kokaew

Sharkh²,

Moshrefi-Torbati

2016

IEEE Trans. Ind. Electron.

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The thesis is concerned with a small-scale compressed air energy storage (SS-CAES) system. Although these systems have relatively low energy density, they offer advantages of low environmental impact and ease of maintenance.The thesis focuses on solving a number of commonly known problems related to the perturb and observe (P&O) maximum power point tracking (MPPT) system for SS-CAES, including confusion under input power fluctuation conditions and operating point dither.A test rig was designed and built to be used for validation of the theoretical work. The rig comprised an air motor driving a permanent magnet DC generator whose power output is controlled by a buck converter. A speed control system was designed and implemented using a dSPACE controller. This enabled fast convergence of MPPT.Four MPPT systems were investigated. In the first system, the air motor characteristics were used to determine the operating speed corresponding to MPP for a given pressure. This was compared to a maximum efficiency point tracking (MEPT) system. Operating at the maximum power point resulted in 1% loss of efficiency compared to operating at the maximum efficiency point. But MPPT does not require an accurate model of the system that is needed for MEPT, which also requires more sensors.The second system that was investigated uses a hybrid MPPT approach that did not require a prior knowledge system model. It used the rate of change of power output with respect to the duty cycle of the buck converter as well as the change in duty cycle to avoid confusion under input power fluctuations. It also used a fine speed step in the vicinity of the MPP and a coarse speed step when the operating point was far from the MPP. Both simulation and experimental results demonstrate the efficiency of this proposed system. The third P&O MPPT system used a fuzzy logic approach which avoided confusion and eliminated operating point dither. This system was also implemented experimentally.A speed control system improved the controllable speed-range by using a buck-boost converter instead. The last MPPT system employed a hybrid P&O and incremental inductance (INC) approach to avoid confusion and eliminate operating point dither. The simulation results validate the design.Although the focus of the work is on SS-CAES, the results are generic in nature and could be applied to MPPT of other systems such as PV and wind turbine.

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“…In particular, households cause 25% of the total green house gases emission related to fossil fuel combustion in the EU (European Environmental Agency, 2012). To mitigate their impact on both energy consumption and pollutant emissions, several technological alternatives are available in terms of energy generation systems, such as: i) an increase in the renewable energy penetration (Franco and Salza, 2011;Cozzolino et al, 2016;Lau et al, 2010); ii) distributed generation (DG) and cogeneration (CHP) or trigeneration (CHCP) (Onovwiona and Ugursal, 2006;Chicco and Mancarella, 2009;Jannelli et al, 2014a); iii) mechanical, electrical or thermal energy storage (Marano et al, 2012;Facci et al, 2014c;Jannelli et al, 2014b). Regarding DG, the definition of (Ackermann et al, 2001) should be taken as a reference, that is an electric power source connected directly to the distribution network or on the customer site of the meter.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Smart integration of photovoltaic production, heat pump and thermal energy storage in residential applications

et al. 2019

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The optimal design of distributed generation systems is of foremost importance to reduce fossil fuel consumption and mitigate the environmental impact of human activities in urban areas. Moreover, an efficient and integrated control strategy is needed for each of the components of a distributed generation plant, in order to reach the expected economic and environmental performances.In this paper, the transition from natural gas to electricity-based heating is evaluated for residential applications, considering the interplay between photovoltaic electricity produced on site and the thermal energy storage, to grant the optimal management of heating devices. The energy demand of an apartment building, under different climatic conditions, is taken as a reference and four power plant solutions are assessed in terms of energy cost and pollution reduction potential, compared to a baseline plant configuration. The performance of each power plant is analyzed assuming an optimized control strategy, which is determined through a graph-based methodology that was previously developed and validated by the authors. Outcomes from our study show that, if heat pumps are used instead of natural gas boilers, energy costs can be reduced up to 41%, while CO 2 emissions can be reduced up to 73%, depending on the climatic conditions.Our results provide a sound basis for considering the larger penetration of photovoltaic plants as an effective solution towards cleaner and more efficient heating technologies for civil applications. The simultaneous utilization of heat pumps (as substitutes of boilers) and photovoltaic panels yields a positive synergy that nullifies the local pollution, drastically cuts the CO 2 emission, and guarantees the economical sustainability of the investment in renewable energy sources without subsidiary mechanisms.

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A small-scale CAES (compressed air energy storage) system for stand-alone renewable energy power plant for a radio base station: A sizing-design methodology

Cited by 99 publications

References 32 publications

An updated review of energy storage systems: Classification and applications in distributed generation power systems incorporating renewable energy resources

An updated review of energy storage systems: Classification and applications in distributed generation power systems incorporating renewable energy resources

Maximum Power Point Tracking of a Small-Scale Compressed Air Energy Storage System

Smart integration of photovoltaic production, heat pump and thermal energy storage in residential applications

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