A small rise in CEA is sensitive for recurrence after surgery for colorectal cancer

Irvine, Tanya; Scott, Michael A.; Clark, Celia Ingham

doi:10.1111/j.1463-1318.2007.01176.x

Cited by 23 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…Conditions such as inflammatory bowel disease, pancreatitis, liver cirrhosis, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease can cause borderline CEA elevation, resulting in levels from 2.5 to 5.0 µg/ml. For cancer, the main clinical use of CEA is in colorectal cancer patients 11,12,13. CA19-9 is a mucin-type glycoprotein that has a normal range of up to 37 U/ml.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

At Which Stage of Gastric Cancer Progression Do Levels of Carcinoembryonic Antigen and Carbohydrate Antigen 19-9 Increase? Application in Advanced Gastric Cancer Treatment

Han

Lee

et al. 2014

J Gastric Cancer

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PurposeSince there are no proven tumor markers that reflect the course of gastric cancer, carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) and carbohydrate antigen 19-9 (CA19-9) are commonly used alternatives. However, the degree of progression that corresponds to an increase in these markers, and the values of these markers at different cancer stages, remains unclear.Materials and MethodsThis study enrolled 1,733 gastric cancer patients who underwent surgery and whose pre-operative CEA and CA19-9 levels were known. Survival curves and mean values of the two markers were compared according to the degree of cancer progression: serosa-unexposed (SU), serosa-exposed (SE), direct invasion (DI), localized seeding (P1), and extensive seeding (P2).ResultsThe 5-year overall survival rates at each stage differed significantly, except between DI and P1 patients (17.1% vs. 10.5%, P=0.344). The mean CEA values in SU, SE, DI, P1, and P2 patients were 5.80, 5.48, 13.36, 8.06, and 22.82, respectively. The CA19-9 values for these patients were 49.40, 38.97, 101.67, 73.77, and 98.57, respectively. The increase in CEA in P2 patients was statistically significant (P=0.002), and the increases in CA19-9 in DI and P2 patients were significant (P=0.025, 0.007, respectively). There was a fair correlation between the two markers in P2 patients (r=0.494, P<0.001).ConclusionsCA19-9 can be used to assess DI of gastric cancer into adjacent organs. Both markers are useful for predicting the presence of extensive peritoneal seeding.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

At Which Stage of Gastric Cancer Progression Do Levels of Carcinoembryonic Antigen and Carbohydrate Antigen 19-9 Increase? Application in Advanced Gastric Cancer Treatment

Han

Lee

et al. 2014

J Gastric Cancer

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“…A small rise in the level of CEA can be predictive of recurrence following curative surgery for CRC up to a year before the onset of clinical symptoms [49]. Advances in novel imaging and targeting techniques have revealed other tumor markers [10].…”

Section: Ceamentioning

confidence: 99%

The Roles of Carcinoembryonic Antigen in Liver Metastasis and Therapeutic Approaches

Lee

2017

Gastroenterology Research and Practice

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Metastasis is a highly complicated and sequential process in which primary cancer spreads to secondary organic sites. Liver is a well-known metastatic organ from colorectal cancer. Carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) is expressed in most gastrointestinal, breast, and lung cancer cells. Overexpression of CEA is closely associated with liver metastasis, which is the main cause of death from colorectal cancer. CEA is widely used as a diagnostic and prognostic tumor marker in cancer patients. It affects many steps of liver metastasis from colorectal cancer cells. CEA inhibits circulating cancer cell death. CEA also binds to heterogeneous nuclear RNA binding protein M4 (hnRNP M4), a Kupffer cell receptor protein, and activates Kupffer cells to secrete various cytokines that change the microenvironments for the survival of colorectal cancer cells in the liver. CEA also activates cell adhesion-related molecules. The close correlation between CEA and cancer has spurred the exploration of many CEA-targeted approaches as anticancer therapeutics. Understanding the detailed functions and mechanisms of CEA in liver metastasis will provide great opportunities for the improvement of anticancer approaches against colorectal cancers. In this report, the roles of CEA in liver metastasis and CEA-targeting anticancer modalities are reviewed.

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“…CEA is used to determine the independent prognostic factors in patients without metastasis who have undergone surgery (22), and it is also frequently used for follow-up of recurrences after surgery (23). Since currently available follow-up marker for CRC is CEA, we also evaluated CEA in our study.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Importance of Fecal and Plasma CEA, COX-2, MMP-7, and TIMP-1 in the Diagnosis of Colorectal Cancer

Kiyak

Keles

Bengi

et al. 2018

J Basic Clin Health Sci

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Purpose: Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most common and death related cancers in the world. Therefore, the early diagnosis of CRC remains with a great importance to prevent its further progression and increase survival rates. Colonoscopy and pathological examinations which are invasive and painful procedures, are needed to make a definitive diagnosis of CRC. The carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) is particularly used for postoperative follow-up of CRC patients. The imbalance between matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and their tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases (TIMPs) leads to degradation of extracellular matrix which is the most important step in invasion and metastasis. It was also observed that cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) has crucial roles in the development and progression of colorectal cancer. The purpose of our study is to detect fecal and plasma MMP-7, COX-2, TIMP-1, and CEA protein levels in patients with colorectal cancer, colorectal polyps, and healthy individuals, and assess their association with each other and with clinicopathological variables. We also aimed to evaluate plasma and fecal MMP-7, COX-2, TIMP-1, and CEA protein levels as potential diagnostic markers in colorectal carcinoma.Methods: Plasma and fecal samples were taken from patients with fifteen colorectal cancers, twenty-six colorectal polyps, and thirty-three healthy volunteers. Protein extraction was carried out from fecal samples. Plasma and fecal MMP-7, TIMP-1, and COX-2 protein levels were determined by ELISA whereas plasma and fecal CEA protein levels were detected with CEIA.Results: Plasma and fecal CEA levels were significantly higher in CRC than the control. In addition, plasma TIMP-1 and plasma CEA levels were significantly elevated in cancer according to polyp group. We also detected decreased plasma MMP-7 levels in polyps compared to control group. Positive correlations were observed among plasma COX-2 and TIMP-1 levels (r=0.571), fecal COX-2 and CEA levels (r=0.764) in CRC. However, no association was found between biochemical parameters and clinicopathological variables. ROC analysis for discriminating CRC from healthy controls showed that area under curves (AUC) for fecal and plasma CEA levels were 0.763 and 0.692, respectively. Plasma CEA (AUC=0.735), plasma TIMP-1 (AUC=0.706), and their combination (AUC=0.760) exhibited significant diagnostic performances to differentiate CRC from polyp. In discrimination colorectal polyps from healthy tissues, MMP-7 showed the highest AUC value (0.667). Conclusion:Here we suggested that plasma and fecal CEA protein levels may be potential predictive noninvasive markers for diagnosis of colorectal adenocarcinoma. In addition, plasma CEA and TIMP-1 are also valuable biomarker candidates in differentiating colorectal cancer from colorectal polyps.

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A small rise in CEA is sensitive for recurrence after surgery for colorectal cancer

Cited by 23 publications

References 34 publications

At Which Stage of Gastric Cancer Progression Do Levels of Carcinoembryonic Antigen and Carbohydrate Antigen 19-9 Increase? Application in Advanced Gastric Cancer Treatment

At Which Stage of Gastric Cancer Progression Do Levels of Carcinoembryonic Antigen and Carbohydrate Antigen 19-9 Increase? Application in Advanced Gastric Cancer Treatment

The Roles of Carcinoembryonic Antigen in Liver Metastasis and Therapeutic Approaches

The Importance of Fecal and Plasma CEA, COX-2, MMP-7, and TIMP-1 in the Diagnosis of Colorectal Cancer

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