A Small Nimble In Situ Fine-Scale Flux Method for Measuring Tree Stem Greenhouse Gas Emissions and Processes (S.N.I.F.F)

Jeffrey, Luke C.; Maher, Damien T.; Tait, Douglas R.; Johnston, Scott G

doi:10.1007/s10021-020-00496-6

Cited by 29 publications

(50 citation statements)

References 41 publications

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“…In situ tree stem methane ux rates and bark preparation Melaleuca quinquenervia stem uxes were determined using a small chamber directly attached to the tree with a portable cavity ring-down spectrometer (G4302-GasScouter, Picarro) 33 from forests in subtropical, north-eastern NSW, Australia. During the rst stable isotope MOB experiment, paired tree stem bark samples were collected from opposite sides of four M. quinquenervia trees with high methane uxes, spanning two sites with differing hydrological characteristics.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…S1a) and then ~1 hour after the addition of DFM (Fig. S1b) into tree ux chambers 33 (see Supplementary Methods for more information). A net positive change in methane uxes was observed in nearly all chambers after the addition of DFM (average increase of 36.3 ± 5.4 %), indicating MOB were present, active, and effectively inhibited (Fig.…”

Section: Field-based Mob Inhibition Con Rms Novel Methane Sink Activimentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The in situ MOB oxidation rates were estimated by rst measuring duplicate un-inoculated tree stem uxes using the 'Small Nimble In situ Fine-scale Flux' (S.N.I.F.F.) method 33 (n = 88 trees). Then the tree…”

Section: In Situ Methanotroph Inhibitor Experiments With DI Uoromethamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Here, we establish that tree stem bark can host a previously uncharacterised, novel microbiome and unique MOB community, which may substantially mitigate tree stem methane emissions and thereby help regulate Earth's climate. Our study combined the use carbon stable isotope analysis 23,27,32,33 , in situ methanotrophy inhibitors 34,35 , and molecular community pro ling 36,37 , which have each been previously used to determine the rates and mediators of microbial oxidation in wetlands and other environments. On this basis, we provide multiple lines of biogeochemical and microbial evidence that abundant MOB occupy tree bark and represent a novel methane sink.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Bark-dwelling methanotrophic bacteria decrease methane emissions from trees

Jeffrey

Maher

Chiri

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Tree stems are an important and unconstrained source of methane, yet it is uncertain if there are internal microbial controls (i.e. methanotrophy) within tree bark, that may reduce methane emissions. Using multiple lines of evidence, we demonstrate here that unique microbial communities dominated by methane oxidising bacteria (MOB) dwell within bark of Melaleuca quinquenervia, a common, invasive and globally distributed lowland species. Laboratory incubations of methane inoculated M. quinquenervia bark reveal methane consumption (up to 96.3 µmol m-2 bark d-1) and distinct isotopic δ13C-CH4 enrichment characteristic of MOB. Molecular analysis indicates unique microbial communities reside within the bark, with methane-oxidising bacteria primarily from the genus Methylomonas comprising up to 25 % of the total microbial community. Methanotroph abundance was linearly correlated to methane uptake rates (R2 = 0.76, p = 0.006). Finally, field-based methane oxidation inhibition experiments demonstrate that bark-dwelling MOB reduce methane emissions by 36 ± 5 %. These multiple, complementary lines of evidence indicate that bark-dwelling MOB represent a novel and potentially significant methane sink, and an important frontier for further research.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Field-based Mob Inhibition Con Rms Novel Methane Sink Activimentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: In Situ Methanotroph Inhibitor Experiments With DI Uoromethamentioning

confidence: 99%

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confidence: 99%

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Bark-dwelling methanotrophic bacteria decrease methane emissions from trees

Jeffrey

Maher

Chiri

et al. 2020

Preprint

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“…This may explain several of the relatively high porewater δ 13 C-CH 4 values observed (i.e., maximum of −43.3‰), while the average porewater δ 13 C-CH 4 values (−57.0 ± 0.6‰) fall in the range of acetoclastic rather than hydrogenotrophic methanogenesis. Tree stems may contribute even more than knees to whole ecosystem methane fluxes because of their greater surface area and height, though few studies have shown how CH 4 fluxes change along the radial and vertical axes of a stem (Jeffrey et al, 2020). Tree-mediated methane emissions contribute 9-27% and 44-65% of the total ecosystem CH 4 flux in forested temperate and tropical wetlands, respectively (Pangala et al, 2017).…”

Section: Pathways For Methane Emissions and Oxidationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pathways for Methane Emissions and Oxidation that Influence the Net Carbon Balance of a Subtropical Cypress Swamp

et al. 2020

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We evaluated the major pathways for methane emissions from wetlands to the atmosphere at four wetland sites in the Big Cypress National Preserve in southwest Florida. Methane oxidation was estimated based on the δ13C-CH4 of surface water, porewater, and bubbles to evaluate mechanisms that limit surface water emissions. Spatially-scaled methane fluxes were then compared to organic carbon burial rates. The pathway with the lowest methane flux rate was diffusion from surface waters (3.50 ± 0.22 mmol m−2 d−1). Microbial activity in the surface water environment and/or shallow oxic sediment layer oxidized 26 ± 3% of the methane delivered from anerobic sediments to the surface waters. The highest rates of diffusion were observed at the site with the lowest extent of oxidation. Ebullition flux rates were 2.2 times greater than diffusion and more variable (7.79 ± 1.37 mmol m−2 d−1). Methane fluxes from non-inundated soils were 1.6 times greater (18.4 ± 5.14 mmol m−2 d−1) than combined surface water fluxes. Methane flux rates from cypress knees (emergent cypress tree root structures) were 3.7 and 2.3 times higher (42.0 ± 6.33 mmol m−2 d−1) than from surface water and soils, respectively. Cypress knee flux rates were highest at the wetland site with the highest porewater methane partial pressure, suggesting that the emergent root structures allow methane produced in anaerobic sediment layers to bypass oxidation in aerobic surface waters or shallow sediments. Scaled across the four wetlands, emissions from surface water diffusion, ebullition, non-inundated soils, and knees contributed to 14 ± 2%, 25 ± 6%, 34 ± 10%, and 26 ± 5% of total methane emissions, respectively. When considering only the three wetlands with cypress knees present, knee emissions contributed to 39 ± 5% of the total scaled methane emissions. Finally, the molar ratio of CH4 emissions to OC burial ranged from 0.03 to 0.14 in the wetland centers indicating that all four wetland sites are net sources of atmospheric warming potential on 20–100 yr timescales, but net sinks over longer time scales (500 yr) with the exception of one wetland site that was a net source even over 500 yr time scales.

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Climate change mitigation and improvement of water quality from the restoration of a subtropical coastal wetland

Iram

Maher

Lovelock

et al. 2022

Ecological Applications

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Coastal wetland restoration is an important activity to achieve greenhouse gas (GHG) reduction targets, improve water quality, and reach the Sustainable Development Goals. However, many uncertainties remain in connection with achieving, measuring, and reporting success from coastal wetland restoration.We measured levels of carbon (C) abatement and nitrogen (N) removal potential of restored coastal wetlands in subtropical Queensland, Australia. The site was originally a supratidal forest composed of Melaleuca spp. that was cleared and drained in the 1990s for sugarcane production. In 2010, tidal inundation was reinstated, and a mosaic of coastal vegetation (saltmarshes, mangroves, and supratidal forests) emerged. We measured soil GHG fluxes (CH 4 , N 2 O, CO 2 ) and sequestration of organic C in the trees and soil to estimate the net C abatement associated with the reference, converted, and restored sites. To assess the influence of restoration on water quality improvement, we measured denitrification and soil N accumulation. We calculated C abatement of 18.5 Mg CO 2Àeq ha À1 year À1 when sugarcane land transitioned to supratidal forests, 11.0 Mg CO 2Àeq ha À1 year À1 when the land transitioned to mangroves, and 6.2 Mg CO 2Àeq ha À1 year À1 when the land transitioned to saltmarshes. The C abatement was due to tree growth, soil accumulation, and reduced N 2 O emissions due to the cessation of fertilization. Carbon abatement was still positive, even accounting for CH 4 emissions, which increased in the wetlands due to flooding and N 2 O production due to enhanced levels of denitrification.Coastal wetland restoration in this subtropical setting effectively reduces CO 2 emissions while providing additional cobenefits, notably water quality improvement.

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A Small Nimble In Situ Fine-Scale Flux Method for Measuring Tree Stem Greenhouse Gas Emissions and Processes (S.N.I.F.F)

Cited by 29 publications

References 41 publications

Bark-dwelling methanotrophic bacteria decrease methane emissions from trees

Bark-dwelling methanotrophic bacteria decrease methane emissions from trees

Pathways for Methane Emissions and Oxidation that Influence the Net Carbon Balance of a Subtropical Cypress Swamp

Climate change mitigation and improvement of water quality from the restoration of a subtropical coastal wetland

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