“…SBE build standard CTD instruments which produce measurements that are high in both precision and accuracy. The conductivity measurement is performed in a cylindrical glass cell with a volume of 1.51 cm 3 containing three electrodes which ensures that the measurement is only affected by the volume within the cell (Gregg & Hess,
1985; Pederson,
1973; Pederson & Gregg,
1979). To be precise, the cell measures resistance, R cell , which is converted to the conductivity of the water, σ , by taking into account the cell geometry:
with
the resistivity of the water, l the effective length of the conductivity cell (which depends on cell length and water velocity though the cell), and A the cross‐sectional area of the sampled water.…”