A Small Dose of Soluble Alginate-Fiber Affects Postprandial Glycemia and Gastric Emptying in Humans with Diabetes

Torsdottir, Inga; Alpsten, M.; Holm, Göran; Sandberg, Ann-Sofi; Tölli, Jukka

doi:10.1093/jn/121.6.795

Cited by 180 publications

(111 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…Gastric emptying rates measured in diabetic subjects are reduced in the presence of alginates [29]. Delayed gastric emptying was also reported in the rat [22], due to gel formation in the stomach, in the presence of calcium.…”

Section: Glucose Absorption Balance Across the Small Intestinementioning

confidence: 73%

“…In contrast, alginates from L. digitata strongly reduced blood glucose and insulin responses, which resulted in a 50% decrease of glucose absorption balance over 8 h. The latter results are consistent with previously reported observations on alginates. Alginates, at a low dose, induce a lower postprandial rise in peripheral blood glucose and serum insulin in NIDDM human subjects [29]. Alginates inhibit blood glucose and insulin levels from rising 30 min after glucose administration in an oral glucose tolerance test performed in rats [15].…”

Section: Glucose Absorption Balance Across the Small Intestinementioning

confidence: 99%

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Non-starch polysaccharides extracted from seaweed can modulate intestinal absorption of glucose and insulin response in the pig

Vaugelade¹,

Hoebler²,

Bernard³

et al. 2000

Reprod. Nutr. Dev.

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-We have investigated the possible effects of algal polysaccharides on postprandial blood glucose and insulin responses in an animal model, the pig. Three seaweed fibres of different viscosities, extracted from Palmaria palmata (PP), Eucheuma cottonii (EC), or Laminaria digitata (LD), were compared to purified cellulose (CEL). Blood glucose and plasma insulin levels were monitored and intestinal absorption quantified for 8 h following a high carbohydrate test-meal supplemented with 5% fibre. Digestive contents were also sampled, 5 h postprandial. As compared to CEL, PP had no effect on glucose and insulin responses. The latter decreased with EC, but glucose absorption balance was not modified. LD addition resulted in a dramatically reduced glucose absorption balance, accompanied by a higher amount of starch left in the small intestine. Among polysaccharides tested, only the highly viscous alginates could affect intestinal absorption of glucose and insulin response. seaweed / non-starch polysaccharides / intestinal absorption / glucoseRésumé -Les fibres alimentaires extraites d'algues peuvent moduler l'absorption intestinale du glucose et la réponse insulinique chez le porc. L'effet des fibres algales sur la réponse glycémique et insulinique a été étudié chez un modèle animal, le porc. Des fibres de viscosité différente, extraites de Palmaria palmata (PP), Eucheuma cottonii (EC), ou Laminaria digitata (LD), ont été comparées à de la cellulose purifiée (CEL). La glycémie et l'insulinémie plasmatique, ainsi que l'absorption intestinale du glucose ont été suivies 8 h après un repas-test hyperglucidique additionné de 5 % de fibres. Des contenus digestifs ont aussi été prélevés 5 h après le repas. L'addition de PP n'a pas modifié les réponses glycémique et insulinique par rapport à CEL. Elles étaient diminuées par l'addition Reprod. Nutr. Dev. 40 (2000) 33-47 33

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Section: Glucose Absorption Balance Across the Small Intestinementioning

confidence: 73%

Section: Glucose Absorption Balance Across the Small Intestinementioning

confidence: 99%

Non-starch polysaccharides extracted from seaweed can modulate intestinal absorption of glucose and insulin response in the pig

Vaugelade¹,

Hoebler²,

Bernard³

et al. 2000

Reprod. Nutr. Dev.

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“…The ability of AX-rich fibre to lower blood glucose appears related to its viscous, soluble nature. Other soluble fibres including guar gum (Torsdottir et al, 1991), b-glucan (Juntunen et al, 2002), konjac-mannan (Vuksan et al, 1999) and pysllium (Anderson et al, 1999) have similarly been found to confer metabolic benefit in people with Type II diabetes. The advantage of AX-rich fibre here lies in its high palatability (Lu et al, 2000a).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…While it has been suggested that soluble fibres may affect plasma glucose by delaying gastric emptying (Torsdottir et al, 1991), others argue that soluble fibre exerts its effect by lowering the rate of diffusion of nutrients from the intestinal lumen to the absorptive membrane (Lund et al, 1989) or by mediating increased intestinal mobility (Cherbut et al, 1990). The form of the food and its botanical structure can also have an important role (Juntunen et al, 2002).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Arabinoxylan fibre improves metabolic control in people with Type II diabetes

et al. 2004

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Objective: To determine whether diet supplementation with arabinoxylan-rich (AX)-fibre from wheat improves glycaemic control in Type II diabetes. Design: Randomized, crossover intervention trial. Setting: Monash Medical Centre. Subjects: A total of 15 subjects with Type II diabetes. Interventions: Over two 5-week periods, subjects supplemented their usual diet with control bread and muffins (50% whole wheat, 50% white flour) (control diet) or with AX-bread and muffins (50% whole wheat, 36% white flour, 14% AX fibre) (AX diet). Subjects completed a 7-day food diary. At 0 and 5 weeks, venous blood was collected for determination of fasting and 2 h glucose, insulin, fructosamine and blood lipids. Blood pressure, body weight and body fat were also determined. A 24 h faecal sample, from 12 subjects, was weighed and analysed for faecal polysaccharide as a marker for dietary compliance. Results: Control and AX diets were similar except the AX diet supplied an additional 15.1 (12.0-18.5) (mean (95% confidence intervals)) g/day dietary fibre (P ¼ 0.000). Consumption of the AX diet increased faecal output by 61.5 (0.2-122.8) g/day (P ¼ 0.05) on a wet weight basis and significantly lowered fasting and 2 h plasma glucose, 2 h insulin and serum fructosamine (P ¼ 0.002, 0.000, 0.015, and 0.02, respectively). Blood lipids, body weight, fat mass and blood pressure remained unchanged. Conclusion: A supplement of 15 g/day of AX-rich fibre can significantly improve glycaemic control in people with Type II diabetes.

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“…One placebo-controlled, cross-over intervention study (Torsdottir et al, 1991) investigated the effects of 5 g sodium alginate (M/G ratio of 1.50) consumed in a meal on post-prandial glycaemic and insulinaemic responses in seven men with non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus. Three of the subjects were treated with sulfonylurea.…”

Section: Scientific Substantiation Of the Claimed Effect (Id 1868 1881)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Scientific Opinion on the substantiation of health claims related to sodium alginate and reduction of post prandial glycaemic responses (ID 1868, 1881) pursuant to Article 13(1) of Regulation (EC) No 1924/2006

Products¹

2011

EFSA Journal

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SUMMARYFollowing a request from the European Commission, the Panel on Dietetic Products, Nutrition and Allergies was asked to provide a scientific opinion on a list of health claims pursuant to Article 13 of Regulation (EC) No 1924No /2006. This opinion addresses the scientific substantiation of health claims in relation to sodium alginate and reduction of post-prandial glycaemic responses. The scientific substantiation is based on the information provided by the Member States in the consolidated list of Article 13 health claims and references that EFSA has received from Member States or directly from stakeholders.The food constituent that is the subject of the health claim is "sodium alginate and Ascophyllum nodosum". From the references provided, the Panel assumes that the food constituent that is the subject of the health claim is sodium alginate. The Panel considers that sodium alginate with an M/G ratio of 1.50 is sufficiently characterised in relation to the claimed effect.The claimed effect is "alginate can reduce the activity of digestive enzymes and reduce glucose absorption". The target population is assumed to be subjects who wish to reduce their post-prandial glycaemic responses. The Panel considers that the reduction of post-prandial glycaemic responses (as long as post-prandial insulinaemic responses are not disproportionally increased) may be a beneficial physiological effect.In weighing the evidence, the Panel took into account that the one human intervention study provided from which conclusions could be drawn for the scientific substantiation of the claim did not show a reduction in post-prandial glycaemic responses without a disproportionate increase in post-prandial insulinaemic responses following consumption of sodium alginate.

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A Small Dose of Soluble Alginate-Fiber Affects Postprandial Glycemia and Gastric Emptying in Humans with Diabetes

Cited by 180 publications

References 21 publications

Non-starch polysaccharides extracted from seaweed can modulate intestinal absorption of glucose and insulin response in the pig

Non-starch polysaccharides extracted from seaweed can modulate intestinal absorption of glucose and insulin response in the pig

Arabinoxylan fibre improves metabolic control in people with Type II diabetes

Scientific Opinion on the substantiation of health claims related to sodium alginate and reduction of post prandial glycaemic responses (ID 1868, 1881) pursuant to Article 13(1) of Regulation (EC) No 1924/2006

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