A Skin‐Bioinspired Urchin‐Like Microstructure‐Contained Photothermal‐Therapy Flexible Electronics for Ultrasensitive Human‐Interactive Sensing

Abstract

Wearable electronic sensors have attracted extensive attention in multifunctional electronic skin, personalized health monitoring, intelligent human–machine interaction, and smart medical treatment. However, critical challenge exists in simultaneously achieving excellent sensing performances with high sensitivity, rapid response, low sensing limit, and excellent cycling stability for full‐scale human healthcare detection and further timely photothermal therapy. For highly sensitive human skin, the spinosum microstructure in epidermis and dermis takes an important part in sensing signal amplification and transmission. Inspired by the spinosum microstructure of human skin for highly sensitive tactile perception, a skin‐inspired flexible electronic sensor is prepared from the face‐to‐face assembly of an as‐prepared polybutylene adipate‐polyurethane (PBAPU) elastomer matrix with conducting MXene nanosheets‐coated urchin‐like microstructure templated from natural chrysanthemum pollen grain microstructures, and an interdigitated electrode‐coated PBAPU elastomer substrate. The PBAPU elastomer matrix is newly prepared, exhibiting outstanding tensile strength (18.87 MPa), high stretchability (1190%), and comparable elastic modulus (1.7 MPa) to human skin. The as‐assembled flexible electronic sensor exhibits a highly sensitive sensitivity (up to 784.02 kPa−1), low detection limit (0.12 Pa), and reliable cycling stability for intelligent human–machine interfacing. The MXene nanosheets‐coated urchin‐like microstructure‐contained PBAPU possesses efficient photothermal heating performance to achieve on‐demand photothermal therapy for rehabilitation training.

Ta4C3 Nanosheet/Melamine Sponges with High Sensitivity and Long-Term Stability for Wearable Piezoresistive Sensors

“…The sensitivity of the TMSP sensor was determined by performing a linear fit to the measurement data presented in Figure c. The sensitivity was calculated using the following equation as follows: S = ( Δ I / I 0 ) / normalΔ P where Δ I represents the change in current before and after applying external pressure, I 0 represents the current when no pressure is applied, and Δ P represents the change in external pressure. As shown in Figure S3, the repeating times of the dipping-drying process have a significant impact on the conductivity of the Ta 4 C 3 nanosheet/melamine sponge and the sensitivity of the sensors.…”

“…10 The sensitivity of the TMSP sensor was determined by performing a linear fit to the measurement data presented in Figure 5c. The sensitivity was calculated using the following equation 43 as follows:…”

Advances in advanced solution‐synthesis‐based structural materials for tactile sensors and their intelligent applications

“…Conductor materials have good electrical conductivity, which allows current to flow freely within them. Advanced solution‐synthesis‐based conductor materials primarily include two categories: metal‐based materials and carbon‐based materials, which usually exist in the form of hierarchical structural materials such as urchin‐shaped particles 45,77–80 and NW 81–84 …”

Two-Stage Micropyramids Enhanced Flexible Piezoresistive Sensor for Health Monitoring and Human–Computer Interaction

“…However, the saturation of the sensitivity of these sensors due to the lower compressibility of the elastomer at high pressures hinders their further application. Based on this, the irregular microstructures replicated by leaves, petals, sandpaper, , and pollen grains allow for progressive deformation with increasing pressure, leading to high sensitivity over a wide sensing range. Despite the simplicity and cost-effectiveness of preparing such microstructures, the randomly distributed microstructures make the devices less consistent and controllable and harder to tune to adapt to specific applications.…”