A Site-Specific Literature Review of Policy and Environmental Interventions That Promote Physical Activity and Nutrition for Cardiovascular Health: What Works?

Matson-Koffman, Dyann; Brownstein, J. Nell; Neiner, Jennifer A.; Greaney, Mary L.

doi:10.4278/0890-1171-19.3.167

Cited by 257 publications

(187 citation statements)

References 136 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

181

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…It seems likely that the trend has been driven by growing consumer concern about multinational corporate activities (36) , consumer demand for drinks that are perceived to be healthy (37) and the massive growth in the bottled water market (15) . Against this background of stronger promotion of carbonated drinks in developing countries, it is essential that policy makers are aware of the potential nutritional consequences of uncontrolled advertising of carbonated beverages on children, the use of product placement in mass media and the penetration of carbonated beveragevending machines in schools (38)(39) . The costs of both Pepsi and Coca Cola in India are high relative to average incomes in India and the UK, but this does not seem to act as a substantial barrier for purchase and consumption.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pepsi and Coca Cola in Delhi, India: availability, price and sales

Taylor¹,

Satija²,

Khurana³

et al. 2010

Public Health Nutr.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Objective: India is experiencing increased consumption of sugar-sweetened carbonated drinks, consumption that may be associated with increased risk of type 2 diabetes and obesity. The aim of the study was to determine the availability, price and quantity sold of 'Pepsi' and 'Coca Cola' in their 'regular' and 'diet' forms in Delhi and London. Design: A questionnaire about the availability, price and quantity sold per day of both regular and diet Pepsi and Coca Cola was devised and piloted. Using this, a survey of food and drink outlets within a 100 m radius of randomly selected Metro stations was conducted in both cities. Subjects: Store vendors, owners and staff of food and drink outlets. Setting: Delhi, India; London, United Kingdom. Results: In Delhi, of the outlets stocking regular Pepsi and Coca Cola, only 34 % sold diet versions and these were more readily available in the most affluent areas than in the poorest areas (34 % v. 6 %, Z 5 3?67, P , 0?001). This social patterning was not observed in London. Little price differential between regular and diet versions of Pepsi and Coca Cola was observed in Delhi; however, profit margins were better for regular, relative to diet, Coca Cola. Sales of regular products were significantly greater than those of diet products (P , 0?002). Conclusions: Low availability of diet versions of Pepsi and Coca Cola in less affluent areas of Delhi is likely to exacerbate the obesity and diabetes trends. Price differentials to promote diet versions and other healthier or traditional low-energy drinks may be beneficial. Keywords Sugar-sweetened carbonated drinks Type 2 diabetes ObesityThe nutrition transition occurring in the developing world, of which increased consumption of carbonated drinks is a part, results in the rapid adoption of energydense diets at low cost replacing energy-efficient diets at high costs (1)(2)(3) . Further evidence, although limited to developed countries, suggests that poorer areas provide fewer healthy food options and more energy-dense foods than do more affluent areas (4) . Evidence on consumption rates of soft drinks and processed foods by the Indian population is sparse (5) . Obesity and type 2 diabetes are already becoming major health problems in India (6) , and the health implications of further unchecked growth in the consumption of sugar-sweetened soft drinks may aggravate the situation further.Systematic review evidence suggests that greater consumption of sugar-sweetened soft drinks is associated with weight gain in adults and children and increase in the risk of type 2 diabetes in young-to-middle-aged women (7)(8)(9) . No such associations have been found with the consumption of diet drinks (10) . The age-adjusted relative risk for type 2 diabetes among women consuming one or more sugar-sweetened drinks per day compared with those consuming less than one sugar-sweetened drink per month is 1?98 (95 % CI 1?6, 2?4) (10)

show abstract

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pepsi and Coca Cola in Delhi, India: availability, price and sales

Taylor¹,

Satija²,

Khurana³

et al. 2010

Public Health Nutr.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Most reviews, including meta-analyses, have focused on benefits of PA. The many narrative reviews focused on PA behavior outcomes have examined limited domains of this broad literature, such as computer-tailored interventions [1]; primary care-based interventions [2][3][4][5]; environmental interventions [6,7]; mass media-delivered interventions [8]; interventions designed to increase 'lifestyle' PA (versus episodic exercise) [9,10]; interventions targeting older adults [11,12]; studies addressing subpopulations such as AfricanAmericans [13][14][15][16][17][18][19]; and intervention studies based on particular theoretical models [20]. Narrative reviews discussing PA behavior outcomes often address very few of the available studies [21][22][23][24].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Meta-analysis of patient education interventions to increase physical activity among chronically ill adults

Conn

Hafdahl²,

Brown

et al. 2008

Patient Education and Counseling

231

177

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Objective-This meta-analysis integrates primary research testing the effect of patient education to increase physical activity (PA) on behavior outcomes among adults with diverse chronic illnesses.Methods-Extensive literature searching strategies located published and unpublished intervention studies that measured PA behavior outcomes. Primary study results were coded. Fixed-and randomeffects meta-analytic procedures included moderator analyses.Results-Data were synthesized across 22,527 subjects from 213 samples in 163 reports. The overall mean weighted effect size for two-group comparisons was 0.45 (higher mean for treatment than control). This effect size is consistent with a difference of 48 minutes of PA per week or 945 steps per day. Preliminary moderator analyses suggest interventions were most effective when they targeted only PA behavior, used behavioral strategies (vs. cognitive strategies), and encouraged PA self-monitoring. Differences among chronic illnesses were documented. Individual strategies unrelated to PA outcomes included supervised exercise sessions, exercise prescription, fitness testing, goal setting, contracting, problem solving, barriers management, and stimulus/cues. PA outcomes were unrelated to gender, age, ethnicity, or socioeconomic distribution among samples.Conclusion-These findings suggest that some patient education interventions to increase PA are effective, despite considerable heterogeneity in the magnitude of intervention effect.Practice Implications-Moderator analyses are preliminary and provide suggestive evidence for further testing of interventions to inform practice.

show abstract

“…To align with the core concepts of EBPH, approaches and tools should be geared to the types of research and practice issues that arise in public health (6,7). For example, in obesity prevention, much of the relevant evidence relates to environmental circumstances and policies that influence the likelihood that people will achieve and maintain food intake and physical activity patterns that prevent or limit excess weight gain.…”

Section: Using Tools From Evidence-based Public Healthmentioning

confidence: 99%

The L.E.A.D. Framework: Using Tools From Evidence-Based Public Health to Address Evidence Needs for Obesity Prevention

Kumanyika¹,

Rc²,

Cheadle³

2012

Prev. Chronic. Dis.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

IntroductionThe much-discussed urgency of addressing the obesity epidemic does not obviate the need for well-reasoned actions based on the best available evidence. To the contrary, as underscored by the Institute of Medicine (IOM) report on Accelerating Progress in Obesity Prevention -Solving the Weight of the Nation (1), the urgency of addressing the epidemic compels actions, often policy-related and for both the short-and long-term, that are feasible, work well, and work together, and that do not waste scarce resources or have unintended adverse consequences. This essay highlights findings and implications of a prior IOM report, Bridging the Evidence Gap in Obesity Prevention -A Framework to Inform Decision Making (2), in the view of 2 of the IOM study committee members (Appendix) and a colleague who is involved in evaluation of Kaiser Permanente's Community Health Initiatives.Decisions about obesity prevention are being made daily in communities, states, and countries worldwide. The Bridging the Evidence Gap report explains that timely and credible evidence is needed to help decision makers decide what to do and understand how to do it, distinguish actions that are likely to be effective from those that are not, justify particular actions in high-risk populations, quantify likely effects, estimate costs and cost-effectiveness, set priorities regarding specific outcomes, determine who benefits, and anticipate potential problems. The report sponsors -Kaiser Permanente, The Robert Wood Johnson Foundation, and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention -were motivated by their perception that effective approaches to obesity prevention were proving difficult to identify, creating a risk that ongoing efforts to address the problem would be ill-conceived or haphazard.Below we describe the evidence framework that resulted from the study committee's consensus process and provide some examples of how it can be applied to evaluate existing evidence and inform the generation of new evidence. The full Bridging the Evidence Gap report and related summaries, as well as the presentations from 2 workshops convened by the committee, are available from IOM at www.iom.edu/Reports/2010/Bridging-the-Evidence-Gap-in-ObesityPrevention-A-Framework-to-Inform-Decision-Making.aspx. Using Tools From Evidence-Based Public HealthEarly in its deliberations, the study committee decided that it would be essential to understand how various forms of evidence are generated and used in obesity prevention efforts and are related to core concepts in the broader sphere of evidence-based public health (EBPH) (2,3). This conclusion was based on a review of the available evidence base for obesity prevention and the judgment that the research approaches being applied, both for specific studies and for evidence synthesis, were framed too narrowly, were inconsistent with respect to how obesity prevention was being conceptualized, and were not focused on the types of intervention or policy questions relevant to obesity prevention in a public health con...

show abstract

A Site-Specific Literature Review of Policy and Environmental Interventions That Promote Physical Activity and Nutrition for Cardiovascular Health: What Works?

Cited by 257 publications

References 136 publications

Pepsi and Coca Cola in Delhi, India: availability, price and sales

Pepsi and Coca Cola in Delhi, India: availability, price and sales

Meta-analysis of patient education interventions to increase physical activity among chronically ill adults

The L.E.A.D. Framework: Using Tools From Evidence-Based Public Health to Address Evidence Needs for Obesity Prevention

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About