A sinusoidal current generator and a TEB decomposer for measuring bioimpedance in a cardiac pacemaker, using an analog wavelet filter

Leal, Guilherme Tarcísio; Rodrigues, Gabriela Meira; Haddad, S.A.P.

doi:10.1007/s10470-021-01896-x

Cited by 4 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…There are several onchip EIS systems that can accept such errors while targeting low power consumption and simple hardware implementation [70]- [72]. But, most on-chip EIS systems have adopted the square waveform with the following additional techniques to avoid the folded errors: linearity enhancement techniques [24], [73], use of one more down-conversion stage in the demodulator [74]- [80], or error cancellation algorithms [29], [81].…”

Section: B Square Waveformmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…CT filters have been widely adopted in on-chip SSGs [35], [36], [38], [39], [44], [45], [47], [51], [52], [59], [62], [63], [73], [101], [102]. The most simple but fundamental CT filter is passive RC LPFs.…”

Section: A Linearity Enhancement In Ct Domainmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Alternatively, active g m -C filters have been adopted for decreasing the minimum f SG with small die area [38], [39], [44], [51], [52], [59], [73], [101], [102]. Fig.…”

Section: A Linearity Enhancement In Ct Domainmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…High-order CT filters need more active circuits and passive components, which result in higher power and area consumption, respectively. For example, in [73], to generate a sinusoidal signal with THD = 1.40% and SFDR = 36.67 dB from the 50%-duty square waveform, a high-order g m -C filter which consists of 12 g m cells and 6 capacitors is required. Similarly in [102], a high-order CT filter, which cascades seven g m -C integrators coupled with high-pass filters between the stages, is adopted to achieve THD of -51 dBc and SFDR of 51 dB from the 50%-duty square waveform.…”

Section: A Linearity Enhancement In Ct Domainmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…But, most circuits for the waveform generation and linearity enhancement operate in the voltage domain, so it cannot be directly used for such merged structures. Instead, other types of DACs, oscillators, or circuits have been demonstrated with separate current drivers [5], [28], [38], [39], [47], [58], [59], [61], [62], [73], [84]- [86], [89], [101], [112].…”

Section: A Open-loop Current Driversmentioning

confidence: 99%

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On-Chip Sinusoidal Signal Generators for Electrical Impedance Spectroscopy: Methodological Review

Kweon¹,

Rafi

Cheon

et al. 2022

IEEE Trans. Biomed. Circuits Syst.

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This paper reviews architectures and circuit implementations of on-chip sinusoidal signal generators (SSGs) for electrical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) applications. In recent years, there have been increasing interests in on-chip EIS systems, which measure a target material's impedance spectrum over a frequency range. The on-chip implementation allows EIS systems to have low power and small form factor, enabling various biomedical applications. One of the key building blocks of on-chip EIS systems is on-chip SSG, which determines the frequency range and the analysis precision of the whole EIS system. On-chip SSGs are generally required to have high linearity, wide frequency range, and high power and area efficiency. They are typically composed of three stages in general: waveform generation, linearity enhancement, and current injection. First, a sinusoidal waveform should be generated in SSGs. The generated waveform's frequency should be accurately adjustable over a wide range. The firstly generated waveform may not be perfectly linear, including unwanted harmonics. In the following linearity-enhancement step, these harmonics are attenuated by using filters typically. As the linearity of the waveform is improved, the precision of the EIS system gets ensured. Lastly, the filtered voltage waveform is now converted to a current by a current driver. Then, the current sinusoidal signal is injected into the target impedance. This review discusses the principles, advantages, and disadvantages of various techniques applied to each step in state-of-the-art on-chip SSGs. In addition, state-of-the-art designs are compared and summarized.

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Section: B Square Waveformmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: A Linearity Enhancement In Ct Domainmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Alternatively, active g m -C filters have been adopted for decreasing the minimum f SG with small die area [38], [39], [44], [51], [52], [59], [73], [101], [102]. Fig.…”

Section: A Linearity Enhancement In Ct Domainmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: A Linearity Enhancement In Ct Domainmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: A Open-loop Current Driversmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

On-Chip Sinusoidal Signal Generators for Electrical Impedance Spectroscopy: Methodological Review

Kweon¹,

Rafi

Cheon

et al. 2022

IEEE Trans. Biomed. Circuits Syst.

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show abstract

Method of instantaneous signal synchronization of measuring pulse generators

Bondar,

Brezhneva,

Pushkarev

2024

Meas Tech

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Design of a class of fractional-order analog wavelet filters

Li,

Zou,

Feng

et al. 2023

Journal of Algorithms & Computational Technology

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In this article, a methodology is proposed to implement fractional-order analog wavelet filters in the frequency domain. Under the proposed scheme, the fractional-order transfer function of the linear time-invariant system is used to approximate the Gaussian-like wavelet functions. Firstly, we construct a causal, stable, and physically achievable fractional-order mathematical approximation model. Then, the fractional-order mathematical approximation model is transformed into an optimization problem, and a hybrid particle swarm optimization algorithm is exploited to find its global optimal solution. At the same time, constraint terms are introduced to ensure the desired stability. The simulation results show that the fractional-order analog wavelet filters have higher approximation accuracy than the traditional integer-order analog wavelet filters. Furthermore, fractional-order analog wavelet filters can provide more precise control of the stopband attenuation rate, which is a key issue for many engineering applications.

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A sinusoidal current generator and a TEB decomposer for measuring bioimpedance in a cardiac pacemaker, using an analog wavelet filter

Cited by 4 publications

References 20 publications

On-Chip Sinusoidal Signal Generators for Electrical Impedance Spectroscopy: Methodological Review

On-Chip Sinusoidal Signal Generators for Electrical Impedance Spectroscopy: Methodological Review

Method of instantaneous signal synchronization of measuring pulse generators

Design of a class of fractional-order analog wavelet filters

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