A Single-Use, In Vitro Biosensor for the Detection of T-Tau Protein, A Biomarker of Neuro-Degenerative Disorders, in PBS and Human Serum Using Differential Pulse Voltammetry (DPV)

Abstract

A single-use, in vitro biosensor for the detection of T-Tau protein in phosphate-buffer saline (PBS) and undiluted human serum was designed, manufactured, and tested. Differential pulse voltammetry (DPV) served as the transduction mechanism. This biosensor consisted of three electrodes: working, counter, and reference electrodes fabricated on a PET sheet. Both working and counter electrodes were thin gold film, 10 nm in thickness. Laser ablation technique was used to define the size and structure of the biosensor. The biosensor was produced using cost-effective roll-to-roll process. Self-assembled monolayers (SAM) of 3-mercaptopropionic acid (MPA) were employed to covalently immobilize the anti-T-Tau (T-Tau antibody) on the gold working electrode. A carbodiimide conjugation approach using N-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)-N’-ethylcarbodiimide hydrochloride (EDC) and N–hydroxysuccinimide (NHS) cross-linked anti-T-Tau to the carboxylic groups on one end of the MPA. A T-Tau protein ladder with six isoforms was used in this study. The anti-T-Tau concentration used was 500,000 pg/mL. The T-Tau protein concentration ranged from 1000 pg/mL to 100,000 pg/mL. DPV measurements showed excellent responses, with a good calibration curve. Thus, a practical tool for simple detection of T-Tau protein, a biomarker of neuro-degenerative disorders, has been successfully developed. This tool could also be extended to detect other biomarkers for neuro-degenerative disorders, such as P-Tau protein and β-amyloid 42.

Cuprous Oxide Thin Film Non-Enzymatic Glucose Sensor Using Differential Pulse Voltammetry (DPV) and Other Voltammetry Methods and Comparing to Different Thin Film Electrodes on the Detection of Glucose in an Alkaline Solution

“…The procedure of detection of glucose in an alkaline solution using this nickel based sensor was identical to the process described in section 3.2. Differential pulse voltammetry was applied and an anodic peak was obtained at +0.38V versus the thick film printed Ag/AgCl reference electrode [13,14,16], which was also confirmed by Luo's study [21]. Figure 8b shows the differential pulse voltammetry graph for the detection of glucose in 0.1 M NaOH solution using the electrochemically deposited nickel thin film sensor covering the glucose concentration range of 50mg/dL to 200mg/dL.…”

“…Sputtered thin gold film sensor prototype used in this study had been described elsewhere [12][13][14][15][16]. Electrochemical deposition of the cuprous oxide film on the thin gold film working sensor element was carried out.…”

“…In this study, Cu 2 O was deposited by electrochemical deposition on a thin gold film sensor prototype used in previous studies [12][13][14][15][16]. Glucose concentration ranges of 50-200mg/dL in 0.1 M NaOH solution were detected using differential pulse voltammetry (DPV).…”

A Simple, Cost-Effective Sensor for Detecting Lead Ions in Water Using Under-Potential Deposited Bismuth Sub-Layer with Differential Pulse Voltammetry (DPV)

“…The purpose of pretreatment was to minimize the electrode charge transfer resistance, thereby improving the sensitivity and the reproducibility of the sensor. This pretreatment procedure was based on other reported investigation [9,10] as well as in our own previous studies [11,12]. Typically, a batch of 8 thin gold film based sensors were immersed in a 2M KOH solution for 15min.…”

“…The EIS study of this pretreated sensor showed excellent reproducibility as reported in our other studies. [11,12] …”