A single session of exercise as a modulator of short-term learning in healthy individuals

Sage, Michael D.; Beyer, Kit B.; Laylor, Mark; Liang, Carmen; Roy, Éric; McIlroy, William E.

doi:10.1016/j.neulet.2016.06.064

Cited by 3 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…First is a potential order effect, since the SST always preceded the reactive balance task. The original rationale for this order was to avoid physical activity’s influence on subsequent cognitive performance, as single bouts of aerobic [ 48 ] or resistance exercise [ 49 ] have been shown to alter cognitive performance. However, recent work has shown that inhibitory control can be trained, and that this learning can generalize to untrained inhibitory tasks [ 50 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Relationship between Speed of Response Inhibition and Ability to Suppress a Step in Midlife and Older Adults

et al. 2021

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In young adults, performance on a test of response inhibition was recently found to be correlated with performance on a reactive balance test where automated stepping responses must occasionally be inhibited. The present study aimed to determine whether this relationship holds true in older adults, wherein response inhibition is typically deficient and the control of postural equilibrium presents a greater challenge. Ten participants (50+ years of age) completed a seated cognitive test (stop signal task) followed by a reactive balance test. Reactive balance was assessed using a modified lean-and-release system where participants were required to step to regain balance following perturbation, or suppress a step if an obstacle was present. The stop signal task is a standardized cognitive test that provides a measure of the speed of response inhibition called the Stop Signal Reaction Time (SSRT). Muscle responses in the legs were compared between conditions where a step was allowed or blocked to quantify response inhibition of the step. The SSRT was significantly related to leg muscle suppression during balance recovery in the stance leg. Thus, participants that were better at inhibiting their responses in the stop signal task were also better at inhibiting an unwanted leg response in favor of grasping a supportive handle. The relationship between a seated cognitive test using finger responses and leg muscle suppression when a step was blocked indicates a context-independent, generalized capacity for response inhibition. This suggests that a simple cognitive test such as the stop signal task could be used clinically to predict an individual’s capacity for adapting balance reactions and fall risk. The present results provide support for future studies, with larger samples, to verify this relationship between stop signal reaction time and leg response during balance recovery.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Relationship between Speed of Response Inhibition and Ability to Suppress a Step in Midlife and Older Adults

et al. 2021

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“…A N U S C R I P T used as a "primer" for subsequent rehabilitation strategies [8], for example cognitive training. Thus, determining whether acute effects of exercise on cognition exist in PD is an important step for establishing exercise as a complementary therapy in this population.…”

Section: A C C E P T E D Mmentioning

confidence: 99%

Acute effects of aerobic exercise on cognitive function in individuals with Parkinson’s disease

Silveira

Roy

Almeida

2018

Neuroscience Letters

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Deficits in executive functions are highly prevalent in Parkinson's disease (PD). Although chronic physical exercise has been shown to improve executive functions in PD, evidence of acute exercise effects is limited. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of an acute bout of exercise on cognitive processes underlying executive functions in PD. Twenty individuals with PD were assessed in both a Control and an Exercise conditions. In each condition, individuals started performing a simple and a choice reaction time (RT) task. Subsequently, participants were asked to sit on a cycle ergometer (Control) or cycle (Exercise) for 20 min in counterbalanced order. Participants were asked to repeat both reaction time tasks after 15-min rest period in both conditions. While no differences were found in simple RT, participants showed faster choice RT post Exercise as well as Control conditions (p = .012). Participants had slower choice RT for target stimulus compared to non-target stimuli irrespective of time or experimental condition (p < .001). There was no change in accuracy following experimental conditions. Results suggest that individuals with PD may not respond behaviourally to a single bout of exercise. The lack of selective effects of exercise on cognition suggests that practice effects may have influenced previous research. Future studies should assess whether neurophysiological changes might occur after an acute bout of exercise in PD.

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“…Physical training 1–4 and mental 5–8 or physiological stimulations 9 to parents not only influence the individuals per se 1, 2, 4, 10 , but also affect the behavioral performance, emotion, and cognitive functions of their children 5–7, 9 . For example, paternal odor fear conditioning enhances the offspring’s behavioral sensitivity to the F0-conditioned smell with an increasing neuroanatomical manifestation of the Olfr151 pathway 9 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Paternal spatial training enhances offspring’s cognitive performance and synaptic plasticity in wild-type but not improve memory deficit in Alzheimer’s mice

Zhang

Wang

et al. 2017

Sci Rep

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Recent studies suggest that spatial training can maintain associative memory capacity in Tg2576 mice, but it is not known whether the beneficial effects can be inherited from the trained fathers to their offspring. Here, we exposed male wild-type and male 3XTg Alzheimer disease (AD) mice (3-m old) respectively to spatial training for one week and assessed the transgenerational effects in the F1 offspring when they were grown to 7-m old. We found that the paternal spatial training significantly enhanced progeny's spatial cognitive performance and synaptic transmission in wild-type mice. Among several synapse-or memory-associated proteins, we observed that the expression level of synaptotagmin 1 (SYT1) was significantly increased in the hippocampus of the paternally trainedoffspring. Paternal training increased histone acetylation at the promoter of SYT1 in both fathers' and the offspring's hippocampus, and as well as in the fathers' sperm. Finally, paternal spatial training for one week did not improve memory and synaptic plasticity in 3XTg AD F1 offspring. Our findings suggest paternal spatial training for one week benefits the offspring's cognitive performance in wild-type mice with the mechanisms involving an enhanced transgenerational histone acetylation at SYT1 promoter. Physical training1-4 and mental 5-8 or physiological stimulations 9 to parents not only influence the individuals per se 1, 2, 4, 10 , but also affect the behavioral performance, emotion, and cognitive functions of their children [5][6][7]9 . For example, paternal odor fear conditioning enhances the offspring's behavioral sensitivity to the F0-conditioned smell with an increasing neuroanatomical manifestation of the Olfr151 pathway 9 . In human, maternal tristimania during pregnancy augments risk of psychiatric disorders in the offspring, especially in female fetuses 11 . In an animal study, fathers' MSUS (maternal separation combined with maternal stress) improves goal-directed behaviors and behavioral flexibility in the adult offspring, and this effect is demonstrated by epigenetic transformations including histone posttranslational modifications at the mineralocorticoid receptor (MR) gene promoter and decreased MR expression in the hippocampus 12 . However, the sole effects of fathers' experience on offspring have seldom been studied.Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common neurodegenerative disorder characterized pathologically by amyloidogenesis and neurofibrillary degeneration 13,14 and clinically memory deterioration started by spatial memory loss 15,16 . To date, there is no efficient cure for this devastating disorder. Recent studies suggest that spatial training can maintain associative memory capacity with enhancement of dendrite ramification and spine

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A single session of exercise as a modulator of short-term learning in healthy individuals

Cited by 3 publications

References 22 publications

Relationship between Speed of Response Inhibition and Ability to Suppress a Step in Midlife and Older Adults

Relationship between Speed of Response Inhibition and Ability to Suppress a Step in Midlife and Older Adults

Acute effects of aerobic exercise on cognitive function in individuals with Parkinson’s disease

Paternal spatial training enhances offspring’s cognitive performance and synaptic plasticity in wild-type but not improve memory deficit in Alzheimer’s mice

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