Nanoscale cerium–bismuth oxides/oxynitrates were
prepared
by a scalable low-temperature method at ambient pressure using water
as the sole solvent. Solid solutions were formed up to a 1:1 Ce/Bi
molar ratio, while at higher doping levels, bismuth oxynitrate photocatalysts
with a pronounced layered structure were formed. Bismuth caused significant
changes in the structure and surface properties of nanoceria, such
as the formation of defects, oxygen-containing surface groups, and
Lewis and Brønsted acid sites. The prepared bifunctional adsorbents/photocatalysts
were efficient in the removal of toxic organophosphate (methyl paraoxon)
from water by reactive adsorption followed by photocatalytic decomposition
of the parent compound and its degradation product (p-nitrophenol). Bi-doped ceria also effectively adsorbed and photodegraded
the endocrine disruptors bisphenols A and S and outperformed pure
ceria and the P25 photocatalyst in terms of efficiency, durability,
and long-term stability. The very low toxicity of Bi-nanoceria to
mammalian cells, aquatic organisms, and bacteria has been demonstrated
by comprehensive in vivo/in vitro testing, which, in addition to its
simple “green” synthesis, high activity, and durability,
makes Bi-doped ceria promising for safe use in abatement of toxic
chemicals.