A single nucleotide polymorphism in the plasma PAF acetylhydrolase gene and risk of atherosclerosis in Japanese patients with peripheral artery occlusive disease

Unno, Naoki; Sakaguchi, Takanori; Nakamura, Toshihide; Yamamoto, N.; Konno, H.; Sugatani, Junko; Miwa, Masashi

doi:10.1016/j.jss.2005.11.302

Cited by 1 publication

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“…These aspects of feline biology are reflected in our positive selection results, where the notable classes of genes overrepresented in the Felinae list are related to lipid metabolism (S1.5 in Dataset S1). For example, one of the positively selected genes, ACOX2, is critical for metabolism of branch-chain fatty acids and has been suggested to regulate triglyceride levels (29), whereas mutations in PAFAH2 have been associated with risk for coronary heart disease and ischemia (30). The enrichment of genes related to lipid metabolism is likely a signature of adaptation for accommodating the hypercarnivorous diet of felids (31), and mirrors similar signs of selection on lipid metabolic pathways in the genomes of polar bears (32).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparative analysis of the domestic cat genome reveals genetic signatures underlying feline biology and domestication

Montague

Gandolfi

et al. 2014

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

277

269

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Little is known about the genetic changes that distinguish domestic cat populations from their wild progenitors. Here we describe a high-quality domestic cat reference genome assembly and comparative inferences made with other cat breeds, wildcats, and other mammals. Based upon these comparisons, we identified positively selected genes enriched for genes involved in lipid metabolism that underpin adaptations to a hypercarnivorous diet. We also found positive selection signals within genes underlying sensory processes, especially those affecting vision and hearing in the carnivore lineage. We observed an evolutionary tradeoff between functional olfactory and vomeronasal receptor gene repertoires in the cat and dog genomes, with an expansion of the feline chemosensory system for detecting pheromones at the expense of odorant detection. Genomic regions harboring signatures of natural selection that distinguish domestic cats from their wild congeners are enriched in neural crest-related genes associated with behavior and reward in mouse models, as predicted by the domestication syndrome hypothesis. Our description of a previously unidentified allele for the gloving pigmentation pattern found in the Birman breed supports the hypothesis that cat breeds experienced strong selection on specific mutations drawn from random bred populations. Collectively, these findings provide insight into how the process of domestication altered the ancestral wildcat genome and build a resource for future disease mapping and phylogenomic studies across all members of the Felidae.Felis catus | domestication | genome T he domestic cat (Felis silvestris catus) is a popular pet species, with as many as 600 million individuals worldwide (1). Cats and other members of Carnivora last shared a common ancestor with humans ∼92 million years ago (2, 3). The cat family Felidae includes ∼38 species that are widely distributed across the world, inhabiting diverse ecological niches that have resulted in divergent morphological and behavioral adaptations (4). The earliest archaeological evidence for human coexistence with cats dates to ∼9.5 kya in Cyprus and ∼5 kya in central China (5, 6), during periods when human populations adopted more agricultural lifestyles. Given their sustained beneficial role surrounding vermin control since the human transition to agriculture, any selective forces acting on cats may have been minimal subsequent to their domestication. Unlike many other domesticated mammals bred for food, herding, hunting, or security, most of the 30-40 cat breeds originated recently, within the past 150 y, largely due to selection for aesthetic rather than functional traits.Previous studies have assessed breed differentiation (6, 7), phylogenetic origins of the domestic cat (8), and the extent of recent introgression between domestic cats and wildcats (9, 10). However, little is known regarding the impact of the domestication process within the genomes of modern cats and how this compares with genetic changes accompanying selection identified...

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