“…and stochastic load processes, the reliability problem comprises a time-variant structure (system), which is subjected to time-variant loads. In this context, most of the current methods for reliability are based on approximate analytical methods, i.e., FORM [23] [24], or resort to surrogate models, i.e., through building extreme value surrogate models, as in [29,18,19,20,21,22], which have their own potential shortcomings. In the context of simulation-based methods, MCS and subset simulation can be used to solve reliability problems involving time-variant structures subject to stochastic load.…”