A Single-Layer Balanced Directional Coupler Design Based on Crossover Structures

Amini, Ahmadreza; Shahi, Hamed; Mehri, Milad

doi:10.1109/tmtt.2020.2995796

Cited by 14 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…With the increasing complexity and component density of circuits, multibeam antennas tend to be miniaturized and integrated, especially in the millimeter‐wave frequency bands. In recent years, as a key component that can greatly improve the integration of BM for multibeam antennas, 1–3 crossovers have been extensively studied 4–10 …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Recently, crossover has been realized by conventional guided‐wave technology, including traditional microstrip lines, 5 rectangular waveguide (RWG), 6 and substrate integrated waveguide (SIW) 7–8 . In References 5 and 6, a new single‐layer balanced directional coupler structure based on microstrip lines and an in‐plane RWG crossover have been designed, respectively. However, in millimeter‐wave bands, high loss and complex manufacturing process limit microstrip lines, while RGW is limited by poor encapsulation.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In recent years, as a key component that can greatly improve the integration of BM for multibeam antennas, [1][2][3] crossovers have been extensively studied. [4][5][6][7][8][9][10] Crossover can be considered as a 0-dB coupler, which allows two electromagnetic waves cross each other in a planar structure with a high isolation. Recently, crossover has been realized by conventional guided-wave technology, including traditional microstrip lines, 5 rectangular waveguide (RWG), 6 and substrate integrated waveguide (SIW).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[4][5][6][7][8][9][10] Crossover can be considered as a 0-dB coupler, which allows two electromagnetic waves cross each other in a planar structure with a high isolation. Recently, crossover has been realized by conventional guided-wave technology, including traditional microstrip lines, 5 rectangular waveguide (RWG), 6 and substrate integrated waveguide (SIW). [7][8] In References 5 and 6, a new single-layer balanced directional coupler structure based on microstrip lines and an in-plane RWG crossover have been designed, respectively.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A flexible low insertion‐loss wideband millimeter‐wave crossover based on ridge gap waveguide technology

Wang

Yang

et al. 2022

Int J RF Mic Comp-Aid Eng

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This paper presents a flexible low insertion‐loss wideband millimeter‐wave crossover based on the ridge gap waveguide (RGW) technology. Based on the design of periodic metal pins of gap waveguide (GW), the transmission modes in the ridge have been analyzed in detail. The influence of different widths of the ridge on the cutoff frequency of the quasi‐TEM mode and the first high‐order mode in GW are mainly discussed. According to the results of the mode analysis, a flexible wideband low insertion‐loss central‐crossover covering 42–51 GHz is designed, which can be easily used to form the Butler Matrix (BM). Furthermore, a transition from standard rectangular waveguide to RGW has been designed. Finally, to validate the proposed design method, a complete crossover prototype based on RGW technology operating from 42 to 45.5 GHz in U‐band is designed and fabricated. The measured results have a good agreement with simulated results.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

A flexible low insertion‐loss wideband millimeter‐wave crossover based on ridge gap waveguide technology

Wang

Yang

et al. 2022

Int J RF Mic Comp-Aid Eng

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“…In recent years, for solving the single-ended circuit problem, many differential microwave circuits have been designed. [18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29] To design a differential circuit, the most straightforward method is using a balun at the ports of single-ended. However, using balun can add extra loss and size to the circuit.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Differential‐to‐single‐ended crossover based on dumbbell‐shaped defected ground resonators for dual‐band applications

Shahi

Mazloum

Bayat

2021

Int J RF Microw Comput Aided Eng

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This article presents a novel differential-to-single-ended (DS) crossover by using two rings included of controllable frequency ratio of composite rightand left-handed (CRLH) transmission lines for dual-band applications. To reject the out-of-band differential-mode transmission coefficient, two dumbbell-shaped defected ground resonators (DGRs) are utilized over the differential transmission lines. Theoretical analysis proves that the frequency ratio can be controlled by choosing the number of designing CRLH cells and the parameter values appropriately. Also, desired electrical lengths and impedances of DGRs were obtained at the bandstop notch of differential-mode transmission coefficient by conducting common-and differential-mode analysis of lumped element equivalent circuit. To validate the proposed structure, two fabricated prototypes including the DS crossover designing at 1.8 and 4.2 GHz and separate differential lines with embedded DGRs were fabricated and measured. Measurement mixed-mode results exhibit that the fabricated crossover has great results at both frequency bands and has a good out-of-band differential insertion loss rejection.

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A simple SIW balanced directional coupler with high common‐mode suppression

Sun

Zhao

Yang

et al. 2022

Micro & Optical Tech Letters

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In this letter, a simple balanced directional coupler with high common-mode (CM) suppression is designed by using a single-layer substrate-integrated waveguide (SIW). The SIW can be considered a naturally balanced structure.The CM noises are able to be intrinsically suppressed when differentially excited along the symmetric H-plane of SIW. The coupling window with tapered transition is designed for broadening the bandwidth of 3-dB coupling. The microstrip differential feeding structure with inductive vias and inductive matching section enables planar integration and better impedance matching. Finally, a SIW balanced directional coupler operating at 14-16 GHz is designed and fabricated. Measured results are in good agreement with simulated ones.

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A Single-Layer Balanced Directional Coupler Design Based on Crossover Structures

Cited by 14 publications

References 25 publications

A flexible low insertion‐loss wideband millimeter‐wave crossover based on ridge gap waveguide technology

A flexible low insertion‐loss wideband millimeter‐wave crossover based on ridge gap waveguide technology

Differential‐to‐single‐ended crossover based on dumbbell‐shaped defected ground resonators for dual‐band applications

A simple SIW balanced directional coupler with high common‐mode suppression

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