A Single Intramuscular Injection of Recombinant Plasmid DNA Induces Protective Immunity and Prevents Japanese Encephalitis in Mice

Chang, Gwong‐Jen J.; Hunt, Ann R.; Davis, Brent S.

doi:10.1128/jvi.74.9.4244-4252.2000

Cited by 114 publications

(117 citation statements)

References 51 publications

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“…This was not due to inadequate dosing, as a ten-fold higher amount of DNA plasmid did not substantially alter the antibody response. Consistent with our findings, relatively low levels of specific and neutralizing antibodies were generated after immunization of mice and monkeys with DNA plasmid vaccines for dengue and Japanese encephalitis viruses [48,50]. One caveat to our analysis is that the DNA plasmid vaccine, despite having a less robust antibody response, still protected mice against IP challenge with the New York strain of WNV.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 76%

“…DNA plasmid vaccines, which propagate within cells, should elicit robust and durable antibody and cellular immunity and carry no risk of infection. DNA plasmid based vaccines have protected animals against challenge with Japanese encephalitis [48,49], dengue [50], Saint Louis encephalitis [51], Murray Valley encephalitis [52], tick-borne encephalitis [53], and WNV [15,18,21]. However, most of these studies did not provide a detailed comparison of potency of immune responses compared to other vaccine modalities.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The relative contribution of antibody and CD8+ T cells to vaccine immunity against West Nile encephalitis virus

Shrestha

Chu

et al. 2008

Vaccine

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West Nile virus (WNV) is a mosquito borne, neurotropic flavivirus that causes a severe central nervous system (CNS) infection in humans and animals. Although commercial vaccines are available for horses, none is currently approved for human use. In this study, we evaluated the efficacy and mechanism of immune protection of two candidate WNV vaccines in mice. A formalin-inactivated WNV vaccine induced higher levels of specific and neutralizing antibodies compared to a DNA plasmid vaccine that produces virus-like particles. Accordingly, partial and almost complete protection against a highly stringent lethal intracranial WNV challenge were observed in mice 60 days after single dose immunization with the DNA plasmid and inactivated virus vaccines, respectively. In mice immunized with a single dose of DNA plasmid or inactivated vaccine, antigenspecific CD8 + T cells were induced and contributed to protective immunity as acquired or genetic deficiencies of CD8 + T cells lowered the survival rates. In contrast, in boosted animals, WNVspecific antibody titers were higher, survival rates after challenge were greater, and an absence of CD8 + T cells did not appreciably affect mortality. Overall, our experiments suggest that in mice, both inactivated WNV and DNA plasmid vaccines are protective after two doses, and the specific contribution of antibody and CD8 + T cells to vaccine immunity against WNV is modulated by the prime-boost strategy.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 76%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The relative contribution of antibody and CD8+ T cells to vaccine immunity against West Nile encephalitis virus

Shrestha

Chu

et al. 2008

Vaccine

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“…Potential cleavage sites for ROCV polyprotein were primarily determined, according to the proteolytic processing cascade pattern for the flavivirus ORFs developed by Rice & Strauss (1990). The highest cleavage potential scores obtained by SignalP-NN computer program (http://www.cbs.dtu.dk/services/) (Chang et al, 2000) were used for determining the sites cleaved by the host cell-encoded signallase. Predicted glycosylation and cysteine residue sites were determined using the NetNGlyc (v.1.0) (http:// www.cbs.dtu.dk/services/) and Protean (v. 5.03) of the LaserGene program (DNA Star), respectively.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Complete genome characterization of Rocio virus (Flavivirus: Flaviviridae), a Brazilian flavivirus isolated from a fatal case of encephalitis during an epidemic in São Paulo state

Medeiros

Nunes

Vasconcelos

et al. 2007

Journal of General Virology

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The flaviviruses of major medical importance in South American countries are yellow fever, dengue, Saint Louis encephalitis, West Nile and Rocio viruses. Rocio virus (ROCV) has been responsible for epidemics of severe encephalitis in Brazil with a case-fatality rate of 10 % and development of sequelae in 20 % of the survivors. We have sequenced and characterized the entire genome of ROCV for the first time, by determining the general traits of the open reading frame and the characteristics of viral genes including the potential cleavage sites, conserved or unique motifs, cysteine residues and potential glycosylation sites. The conserved sequences in the 39-non-coding region were identified, and the predicted secondary structures during cyclization between 59-and 39-non-coding regions were studied. Multiple protein and phylogenetic analyses based on antigenically important and phylogenetically informative genes confirmed a close relationship between ROCV and Ilheus virus (ILHV), together constituting a unique and distinct phylogenetic subgroup as well as the genetic relationship of ROCV with several members of the Japanese encephalitis group. Although ROCV is phylogenetically related to ILHV, our study shows that it is still a virus distinct from the latter virus. This is the first flavivirus uniquely indigenous to Brazil that has been sequenced completely and the genome characterized. The data should be useful for further studies at the molecular level, including construction of infectious clone, identification of gene function, improved disease surveillance based on molecular diagnostic tools and vaccine development. INTRODUCTIONIn South America, until the mid-1970s, the two neurotropic flaviviruses had been Saint Louis encephalitis virus (SLEV) and Ilheus virus (ILHV). However, in contrast to North America, an epidemic of encephalitis in humans by SLEV in South America was not recorded for many years until the first outbreak in Argentina in 2005(Diaz et al., 2006, despite accumulated records of virus isolation from mosquitoes and vertebrate hosts throughout the continent (Spence, 1980). As for the other virus, ILHV, human infection was sporadic and development of neurotropic manifestations has been even more infrequent. Thus, the sudden emergence of an outbreak of encephalitis caused by a flavivirus in 1974-75 in Brazil was unexpected.Rocio virus (ROCV) belongs to the genus Flavivirus in the family Flaviviridae. Its prototype (strain SPH 34675) was isolated in Ribeira Valley in the south-eastern São Paulo state of Brazil in 1975 from the cerebellum of a fatal human case during an epidemic of encephalitis that could not be readily diagnosed with the reagents then available for known encephalitic viruses. The epidemic, which began in 1974, spread to more than 20 municipalities over the following 2 years causing approximately 1000 diagnosed cases.Members of the genus Flavivirus (hereafter called flaviviruses) are positive-sense, single-stranded RNA viruses that infect humans and other vertebrates. They are mainly...

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“…DNA and live vaccines have the capacity to stimulate adaptive cellular immunity. The potential of DNA vaccination for WNV has been demonstrated in mouse and horse infection models [25,29]. In this strategy, a c-DNA copy of the prM/E coding region of WNV is inserted into the mammalian expression plasmid vector pCBJESS, a derivative of pCBamp modified to contain the JE virus signal sequence.…”

Section: Immune Responses and Vaccinesmentioning

confidence: 99%

West Nile virus infection of horses

2004

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-West Nile virus (WNV) is a flavivirus closely related to Japanese encephalitis and St. Louis encephalitis viruses that is primarily maintained in nature by transmission cycles between mosquitoes and birds. Occasionally, WNV infects and causes disease in other vertebrates, including humans and horses. West Nile virus has re-emerged as an important pathogen as several recent outbreaks of encephalomyelitis have been reported from different parts of Europe in addition to the large epidemic that has swept across North America. This review summarises the main features of WNV infection in the horse, with reference to complementary information from other species, highlighting the most recent scientific findings and identifying areas that require further research.

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A Single Intramuscular Injection of Recombinant Plasmid DNA Induces Protective Immunity and Prevents Japanese Encephalitis in Mice

Cited by 114 publications

References 51 publications

The relative contribution of antibody and CD8+ T cells to vaccine immunity against West Nile encephalitis virus

The relative contribution of antibody and CD8+ T cells to vaccine immunity against West Nile encephalitis virus

Complete genome characterization of Rocio virus (Flavivirus: Flaviviridae), a Brazilian flavivirus isolated from a fatal case of encephalitis during an epidemic in São Paulo state

West Nile virus infection of horses

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