A single fungal strain was the unexpected cause of a mass aspergillosis outbreak in the world’s largest and only flightless parrot

Winter, David J.; Weir, Bevan S.; Glare, Travis R.; Rhodes, Johanna; Perrott, John K.; Stajich, Jason E.; Digby, Andrew; Dearden, Peter K.; Cox, Murray P.

doi:10.1016/j.isci.2022.105470

Cited by 7 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…Moreover, Aspergillus is extremely common in the environment, which suggests that clothes and items brought into rearing facilities cause the invasion of Aspergillus spores in facilities. The possibility of human-mediated spread was mentioned in a recent study on a mass aspergillosis outbreak in a flightless parrot kākāpō in New Zealand [ 34 ]. As a basic preventive measure, cleaning of rearing environments is important.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Therefore, such rearing enclosures might increase the risk of aspergillosis in penguins. Recently, a mass outbreak of aspergillosis in kākāpō ( Strigops habroptilus ) and one case in Okinawa rail ( Hypotaenidia okinawae ) were reported [ 34 , 36 ]. Kākāpō, Okinawa rail, and penguins are flightless birds, and they walk on the soil.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Kākāpō, Okinawa rail, and penguins are flightless birds, and they walk on the soil. In the mass outbreak in kākāpō, a single strain caused aspergillosis, and the association between the ambient environment and aspergillosis was considered an important risk factor [ 34 ]. In the case of Okinawa rail, the authors described the environmental source of the causative agent [ 36 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Nationwide Survey about the Occurrence of Aspergillosis in Captive Penguins in Zoos and Aquariums in Japan

Itoh,

Matsumoto,

Hagino

et al. 2023

Animals

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We surveyed the facilities that were members of the Japan Association of Zoos and Aquariums to clarify the incidence of aspergillosis, which is a major cause of death in captive penguins, and to discern effective preventive measures. Responses were obtained for 2910 penguins in 64 facilities; 73 penguins (2.5%) in 35 facilities had died from aspergillosis during the past 5 years from April 2016 to March 2021. Answers to questions about the rearing environment indicated that aspergillosis occurred significantly more often in facilities where penguins were reared outdoors, were in contact with soil, or were moved outside of the rearing enclosure. Answers to questions about their dead penguins indicated that 76% may have been at individual risk (e.g., young age, old age, molting period, and breeding season) and 54% were thought to be reared in uncomfortable environments (e.g., high temperature, high humidity). Aspergillosis may occur when individual risk factors and uncomfortable environmental factors are added to the risk factors of exposure to Aspergillus, such as the presence of soil. These conditions must be recognized as risk factors for aspergillosis, and appropriate preventive measures, such as avoiding penguin contact with the soil where Aspergillus is expected to be present, can minimize aspergillosis-related deaths.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Nationwide Survey about the Occurrence of Aspergillosis in Captive Penguins in Zoos and Aquariums in Japan

Itoh,

Matsumoto,

Hagino

et al. 2023

Animals

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“…A. fumigatus not only represents a human public health threat, but also a threat to wildlife and conservation efforts. Recently, a single strain of A. fumigatus was the cause of a mass aspergillosis outbreak in an endangered parrot species [ 24 ]. Despite not being drug-resistant, the outbreak still resulted in 21 infections and 9 deaths, in a population of only 211.…”

Section: Emerging Antifungal Drug Resistance In Previously Susceptibl...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Emerging Antifungal Resistance in Fungal Pathogens

Hui,

Gifford,

Rhodes

2024

Curr Clin Micro Rpt

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Purpose of Review Over recent decades, the number of outbreaks caused by fungi has increased for humans, plants (including important crop species) and animals. Yet this problem is compounded by emerging antifungal drug resistance in pathogenic species. Resistance develops over time when fungi are exposed to drugs either in the patient or in the environment. Recent Findings Novel resistant variants of fungal pathogens that were previously susceptible are evolving (such as Aspergillus fumigatus) as well as newly emerging fungal species that are displaying antifungal resistance profiles (e.g. Candida auris and Trichophyton indotineae). Summary This review highlights the important topic of emerging antifungal resistance in fungal pathogens and how it evolved, as well as how this relates to a growing public health burden.

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Presence of Aspergillus fumigatus with the TR34/L98H Cyp51A mutation and other azole-resistant aspergilli in the air of a zoological park

Álvarez-Pérez,

García,

Martínez-Nevado

et al. 2023

Research in Veterinary Science

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A single fungal strain was the unexpected cause of a mass aspergillosis outbreak in the world’s largest and only flightless parrot

Cited by 7 publications

References 37 publications

Nationwide Survey about the Occurrence of Aspergillosis in Captive Penguins in Zoos and Aquariums in Japan

Nationwide Survey about the Occurrence of Aspergillosis in Captive Penguins in Zoos and Aquariums in Japan

Emerging Antifungal Resistance in Fungal Pathogens

Presence of Aspergillus fumigatus with the TR34/L98H Cyp51A mutation and other azole-resistant aspergilli in the air of a zoological park

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