A single crystal photo-elastic modulator

Bammer, F.; Holzinger, B.; Schumi, T.

doi:10.1117/12.699304

Cited by 8 publications

(6 citation statements)

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“…Aside from Kemp-type PEMs, single-crystal photoelastic modulators (SCPEMs) based on LiNbO 3 and LiTaO 3 have been investigated relatively recently. [6][7][8] In this type of device, the time-dependent birefringence of an optical element is electrically induced directly owing its piezoelectricity. However, the geometric and structural effects of optical elements have not received much attention.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Design of quasi-one-dimensional phononic crystal cavity for efficient photoelastic modulation

Kim

Iwamoto

Arakawa

2016

Jpn. J. Appl. Phys.

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We propose and design a phononic crystal (PnC) cavity for efficient photoelastic modulation. A strongly confined acoustic field in the cavity enhances light-sound interaction, which results in efficient phase modulation of light. As one of the possible configurations, an acoustic cavity formed in a quasi-one-dimensional (quasi-1D) PnC was investigated. By carefully tuning geometrical parameters, we successfully designed a high-Q cavity mode for a longitudinal wave within a complete phononic band gap. The acoustic Q was calculated to be as high as 9.5 × 104. This enables efficient optical modulation by a factor of 2.5 compared with a bar-type structure without PnCs.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Design of quasi-one-dimensional phononic crystal cavity for efficient photoelastic modulation

Kim

Iwamoto

Arakawa

2016

Jpn. J. Appl. Phys.

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“…The main advantage of our setup is the usage of a single piezo-electric crystal as a modulator, which in comparison to a conventional PEM, which is composed of at least two glued components, is more favorable in terms of size, price, control, and handling [9,13]. The crystal is made of LiTaO 3 , with dimensions of 28 × 9.5 × 4 mm in x-, y-, and z-coordinates.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…We mention that it is straightforward to extend this method to spectroscopic ellipsometry [2] and, with a synchronized pulsed light source, to imaging ellipsometry, as done with a conventional PEM in [4]. In the latter case the angle-dependent natural birefringence of the crystal must be taken into account [9]. Figure 1 shows the optical setup of a typical ellipsometric measurement with a photo-elastic modulator.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fast ellipsometric measurements based on a single crystal photo-elastic modulator

Petkovšek¹,

Petelin²,

Možina³

et al. 2010

Opt. Express

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For quality control in high volume manufacturing of thin layers and for tracking of physical and chemical processes, ellipsometry is a common measurement technology. For such kinds of applications we present a novel approach of fast ellipsometric measurements. Instead of a conventional setup that uses a standard photo-elastic modulator, we use a 92 kHz Single Crystal Photo-Elastic Modulator (SCPEM), which is a LiTaO3 crystal with a size of 28 × 9 × 4 mm. This small, simple, and cost-effective solution also offers the advantage of direct control of the retardation via the current amplitude, which is important for repeatability of the measurements. Instead of a Lock-In Amplifier, an automated digital processing based on a fast analog to digital converter controlled by a highly flexible Field Programmable Gate Array is used. This and the extremely compact and efficient polarization modulation allow fast ellipsometric testing where the upper limit of measurement rates is mainly limited by the desired accuracy and repeatability of the measurements. The standard deviation that is related to the repeatability +/-0.002° for dielectric layers can be easily reached.

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“…In Figure 1 we show an advantageous cut of such a 3m-crystal together with our measurement setup [14] . The axes x, y, z are commonly chosen such that the z-axis corresponds to the optical axis and that the linear piezo-electric effect induces in case of an electric y-field longitudinal x-and y-strains, while in case of an electric x-field no x-and y-strains arise.…”

Section: Crystal-cut and Experimental Setupmentioning

confidence: 99%

A new material for single crystal modulators: BBO

2011

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Single crystal photo-elastic modulators (SCPEM) are based on a single piezo-electric crystal which is electrically excited on a resonance frequency such that the resulting resonant oscillation causes a modulated artificial birefringence due to the photo-elastic effect. Polarized light experience in such a crystal a strong modulation of polarization, which, in connection with a polarizer, can be used for Q-switching of lasers with pulse repetition frequencies in the range of 100-1000 kHz. A particularly advantageous configuration is possible with crystals from the symmetry class 3m. Besides LiTaO 3 and LiNbO 3 , both already well explored as SCPEM-materials, we introduce now BBO, which offers a very low absorption in the near infrared region and is therefore particularly suited for Q-switching of solid state lasers. We demonstrate first results of such a BBO-modulator with the dimensions 8.6 x 4.05 x 4.5mm in x-, y-, z-direction, which offers a useful resonance and polarization modulation at 131.9 kHz. Since the piezo-electric effect is small, the voltage amplitude for achieving Q-switching for an Nd:YAG-laser is expected to be in the range of 100V. Nevertheless it is a simple and robust device to achieve Q-switching with a high fixed repetition rate for high power solid state lasers.

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A single crystal photo-elastic modulator

Cited by 8 publications

References 0 publications

Design of quasi-one-dimensional phononic crystal cavity for efficient photoelastic modulation

Design of quasi-one-dimensional phononic crystal cavity for efficient photoelastic modulation

Fast ellipsometric measurements based on a single crystal photo-elastic modulator

A new material for single crystal modulators: BBO

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