A single chip two-stage W-band grid amplifier

Cheung, Chun-Tung; DeLisio, M.P.; Rosenberg, J.J.; Tsai, R.; Kagiwada, R.S.; Rutledge, D.B.

doi:10.1109/mwsym.2004.1335805

Cited by 7 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 7 publications

(1 reference statement)

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“…Among mycotoxins, AFs represent the most important group; they are normally produced as toxic secondary metabolites mainly by two fungal species: Aspergillus flavus and Aspergillus parasiticus (7,8). Aflatoxin B1 (AFB1), aflatoxin B2 (AFB2), aflatoxin G1 (AFG1), and aflatoxin G2 (AFG2) are the principal classes (9). Mycotoxins can easily enter the human food chain directly via plants products and indirectly via feed.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Therefore, the occurrence of mycotoxin in feedstuff may be an important source of milk contamination and, thus, a serious hazard for human health. Aflatoxin M1 (AFM1) is a hydroxylated metabolite of AFB1 and approximately 0.5-6% of the ingested AFB1 is converted to AFM1 and secreted in milk in both humans and lactating animals (9). Several studies have reported a link between AFB1 and cancer occurrence and, according to the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) (10), AFs are classified as group I or carcinogenic to humans.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Fungal Contamination and Aflatoxin B1 Detected in Hay for Dairy Cows in South Italy

et al. 2021

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The growth of filamentous fungi on fodder is recognized as responsible for fungal deterioration and mycotoxin contamination of the plant mass leads to economic losses in the dairy cow production system. Mycotoxin contamination has significant implications for human and animal health and is one of the major concerns in the food and feed chain. This research provides an insight into the variety of viable molds (i.e., filamentous microfungi) that can be isolated from hay produced in South Italy and destined to dairy cows. On different lots of hay (n = 55) collected from 20 dairy farms, a total of 33 different fungal species were identified. The most representative was Cladosporium cladosporioides (n = 46, 84%) followed by Alternaria alternata (n = 25, 45%), and Rhizopus stolonifer (n = 24, 44%). The species most closely related to aflatoxin (AF) contamination, Aspergillus flavus, was often isolated (n = 11, 20%). Regarding AF detection, all the hay samples were found to be scarcely contaminated by AFB1 and showed values from 0.0020 to 0.0077 mg/kg, below the limits established by European Union (EU legislation) (0.02 mg/kg). None of the samples were positive for Aspergillia and tested for AFB1 showed results exceeding established limits. Additionally, hay with moisture between 15.0 and 19.2% or crude ash on dry matter content ranging from 14.0 to 15.5% reported an increased presence of AFB1 (p < 0.05) compared to the other samples. All the analyzed hay samples, besides the presence of molds, can be considered safe for the presence of AFB1. Prevention of mold spoilage is mandatory to reduce the exposure of humans and animals to mycotoxins.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fungal Contamination and Aflatoxin B1 Detected in Hay for Dairy Cows in South Italy

et al. 2021

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“…Other biological molecules, such as AchE and heparin, can also be detected using AuNPs. Based on the competitive host guest interaction between sulfonated calix [6] arene (p-SC6A)-terminated AuNPs and rhodamine B (RhB)/acetylthiocholine, Lv et al developed a fluorescent and colorimetric dual channel probe for rapid detection of AChE with high sensitivity and selectivity [46]. Unser et al proposed a functional plasma protein scaffold by integrating collagen fibers with negatively charged citrate-capped gold nanoparticles.…”

Section: Carbamate (Cb) Insecticidementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Mycotoxins cause toxic reactions in higher vertebrates and other animals when they enter their bodies at low concentrations through natural routes. Most mycotoxins have unique chemical and thermal stability, making them difficult to remove during conventional food processing and disinfection [5,6]. Of the 300 known mycotoxins, six common mycotoxins, namely, aflatoxin (AF), deoxynivalenol (DON), zearalenone (ZEN), fumonisin (FM), ochratoxin A (OTA), and patulin (PAT), have had a long-term and sustained impact on global food safety issues [7].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recent Progress in Electrochemical Nano-Biosensors for Detection of Pesticides and Mycotoxins in Foods

Gong

Huang

et al. 2023

Biosensors

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Pesticide and mycotoxin residues in food are concerning as they are harmful to human health. Traditional methods, such as high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) for such detection lack sensitivity and operation convenience. Efficient, accurate detection approaches are needed. With the recent development of nanotechnology, electrochemical biosensors based on nanomaterials have shown solid ability to detect trace pesticides and mycotoxins quickly and accurately. In this review, English articles about electrochemical biosensors in the past 11 years (2011–2022) were collected from PubMed database, and various nanomaterials are discussed, including noble metal nanomaterials, magnetic metal nanoparticles, metal–organic frameworks, carbon nanotubes, as well as graphene and its derivatives. Three main roles of such nanomaterials in the detection process are summarized, including biomolecule immobilization, signal generation, and signal amplification. The detection targets involve two types of pesticides (organophosphorus and carbamate) and six types of mycotoxins (aflatoxin, deoxynivalenol, zearalenone, fumonisin, ochratoxin A, and patulin). Although significant achievements have been made in the evolution of electrochemical nano-biosensors, many challenges remain to be overcome.

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Load-pull measurements of differential amplifiers

Kother

Berben

2006

2006 67th ARFTG Conference

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A single chip two-stage W-band grid amplifier

Cited by 7 publications

References 7 publications

Fungal Contamination and Aflatoxin B1 Detected in Hay for Dairy Cows in South Italy

Fungal Contamination and Aflatoxin B1 Detected in Hay for Dairy Cows in South Italy

Recent Progress in Electrochemical Nano-Biosensors for Detection of Pesticides and Mycotoxins in Foods

Load-pull measurements of differential amplifiers

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