A single-bit sampling demodulator for biomedical implants

Kim, Duho; Ko, Myunggon; Ng, David C.; Choi, Woo Young

doi:10.1016/j.mejo.2015.05.001

Cited by 2 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 20 publications

(32 reference statements)

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“…For neural recording implants, downlink data transmission is usually used to transmit configuration bits to the implant, which requires data transmission rate lower than 100 kb/s on a non-frequent, non-continuous basis, and therefore, poses less challenge and complexity. The most extensively used method is amplitude shift keying (ASK) [103] due to its simplicity, while other configurations such as frequency shift keying (FSK) [104] and phase shift keying (PSK) [105] are also applied. Forward telemetry is generally coupled and modulated with the power link, eliminating the need for a separate channel.…”

Section: Challenges In Communicationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Challenges in Scaling Down of Free-Floating Implantable Neural Interfaces to Millimeter Scale

Yang

2020

IEEE Access

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Implantable neural interface devices are an emerging technology for continuous brain monitoring and brain-computer interface (BCI). Recording of electrical signals from neurons of interest has led to more efficient and personalized diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis of neurological disorders. It facilitates the dynamic mapping of the whole brain, improving our understanding of the links between brain functions and behaviors. Stimulation of targeted nerves and neurons has been utilized as an effective therapy for Parkinson's disease, essential tremor, dystonia, etc. It has also been developed as motor neuroprosthetic devices, improving the quality of life of many. Although initial designs were bulky, recent advances in semiconductor and nano-, micro-technology has enabled the miniaturization of such devices to the millimeter scale. Free-floating neural implants of miniature size are highly scalable to be distributed around the targeted region of interest more extensively. They are more clinically viable as they cause less disturbance to the body and induce less tissue immune response. However, these research efforts for scaling down have faced challenges resulted from decreasing the size of such implants, including issues pertaining to wireless powering, data communication, neural signal recording, and neural stimulation. Through extensive literature research and simulations, the limits and trade-offs regarding neural implant miniaturization are investigated and analyzed for each aspect of the challenges. State-of-the-art development and future trends for advanced neural interfaces are also explored. INDEX TERMS Implantable neural interface, neural signal recording and stimulation, wireless power transfer, millimeter size, free-floating neural probes.

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Section: Challenges In Communicationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Challenges in Scaling Down of Free-Floating Implantable Neural Interfaces to Millimeter Scale

Yang

2020

IEEE Access

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“…In the receiver, the sinusoidal signal is converted back to a rectangular wave by a comparator stage, and is then demodulated by a purely digital circuit. While comparator-based receivers processing rectangular signals [ 20 , 21 ] and single-bit sampling receivers processing time-discretized samples of a rectangular signal [ 22 ] were conceived for biomedical near-field communication, the reliability of their custom demodulation stages in terms of the bit error rate is analyzed neither by simulation nor by measurement. Furthermore, their applicability is limited, as they rely on custom CMOS circuits and frequency bands not reserved for industrial, scientific, and medical (ISM) purposes.…”

Section: System Conceptmentioning

confidence: 99%

Very High Bit Rate Near-Field Communication with Low-Interference Coils and Digital Single-Bit Sampling Transceivers for Biomedical Sensor Systems

Stoecklin

Rosch

Yousaf

et al. 2020

Sensors

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The evolution of microelectronics increased the information acquired by today’s biomedical sensor systems to an extent where the capacity of low-power communication interfaces becomes one of the central bottlenecks. Hence, this paper mathematically analyzes and experimentally verifies novel coil and transceiver topologies for near-field communication interfaces, which simultaneously allow for high data transfer rates, low power consumption, and reduced interference to nearby wireless power transfer interfaces. Data coil design is focused on presenting two particular topologies which provide sufficient coupling between a reader and a wireless sensor system, but do not couple to an energy coil situated on the same substrate, severely reducing interference between wireless data and energy transfer interfaces. A novel transceiver design combines the approaches of a minimalistic analog front-end with a fully digital single-bit sampling demodulator, in which rectangular binary signals are processed by simple digital circuits instead of sinusoidal signals being conditioned by complex analog mixers and subsequent multi-bit analog-to-digital converters. The concepts are implemented using an analog interface in discrete circuit technology and a commercial low-power field-programmable gate array, yielding a transceiver which supports data rates of up to 6.78 MBit/s with an energy consumption of just 646 pJ/bit in transmitting mode and of 364 pJ/bit in receiving mode at a bit error rate of 2×10−7, being 10 times more energy efficient than any commercial NFC interface and fully implementable without any custom CMOS technology.

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A single-bit sampling demodulator for biomedical implants

Cited by 2 publications

References 20 publications

Challenges in Scaling Down of Free-Floating Implantable Neural Interfaces to Millimeter Scale

Challenges in Scaling Down of Free-Floating Implantable Neural Interfaces to Millimeter Scale

Very High Bit Rate Near-Field Communication with Low-Interference Coils and Digital Single-Bit Sampling Transceivers for Biomedical Sensor Systems

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