A simulation study of an electro-membrane extraction for enhancement of the ion transport via tailoring the electrostatic properties

Abstract

Membrane technology with advantages such as reduced energy consumption due to no phase change, low volume and high mass transfer, high separation efficiency for solution solutions, straightforward design of membranes, and ease of use on industrial scales are different from other separation methods. There are various methods such as liquid–liquid extraction, adsorption, precipitation, and membrane processes to separate contaminants from an aqueous solution. The liquid membrane technique provides a practical and straightforward separation method for metal ions as an advanced solvent extraction technique. Stabilized liquid membranes require less solvent consumption, lower cost, and more effortless mass transfer due to their thinner thickness than other liquid membrane techniques. The influence of the electrostatic properties, derived from the electrical field, on the ionic transport rate and extraction recovery, in flat sheet supported liquid membrane (FSLM) and electro flat sheet supported liquid membrane (EFSLM) were numerically investigated. Both FSLM and EFSLM modes of operation, in terms of implementing electrostatic, were considered. Through adopting a numerical approach, Poisson-Nernst-Planck, and Navier–Stokes equations were solved at unsteady-state conditions by considering different values of permittivity, diffusivity, and viscosity for the presence of electrical force and stirrer, respectively. The most important result of this study is that under similar conditions, by increasing the applied voltage, the extraction recovery increased. For instance, at EFSLM mode, by increasing the applied voltage from $$10 $$ 10 to $$30 {\text{V}}$$ 30 V , the extraction recovery increased from $$53$$ 53 to $$98\%$$ 98 % . Furthermore, it was also observed that the presence of nanoparticles has significant effects on the performance of the SLM system.

Nanofluidic Membranes to Address the Challenges of Salinity Gradient Energy Harvesting: Roles of Nanochannel Geometry and Bipolar Soft Layer

“…The electron charge, the charge of the soft layer species, the charge density of the functional groups in the soft layer, the soft layer’s friction coefficient, and the charge and concentration of the moving ionic species are represented by e , Z PEL , N PEL , γ, z j , and c j , respectively. The Faraday constant, global gas constant, and absolute temperature of the system are represented by F , R , and T , respectively. ,, In the expressed equations, i is equal to either 0, 1, or 2, to indicate that a parameter is outside the soft layer (0), the positive charge of soft layer (1), and the negative charge of soft layer (2) …”

“…The Faraday constant, global gas constant, and absolute temperature of the system are represented by F, R, and T, respectively. 5,6,43 In the expressed equations, i is equal to either 0, 1, or 2, to indicate that a parameter is outside the soft layer (0), the positive charge of soft layer (1), and the negative charge of soft layer (2). 8 Equations 1−4 are solved using the boundary conditions shown in Figure 2a, where E.P stands for the electrostatic equation (eq 1), I.M.T stands for the mass transfer of ionic species equation (eq 2), and F.F stands for fluid flow equations (eqs 3 and 4).…”

Blue energy generation by the temperature-dependent properties in funnel-shaped soft nanochannels

“…With the use of an external circuit, the diffusion current can be converted to an electric current. [38][39][40] With respect to the advancement of RED technology, nanoscale systems are attracting increasing attention from researchers primarily due to their higher power density than conventional systems. To understand how micro-/nanosystems activate as well as promote RED, researchers have conducted numerous experimental and theoretical studies.…”

“…With the use of an external circuit, the diffusion current can be converted to an electric current. 38–40…”

Diphasic Sheeting Device with Cyanex-301 for Dislodging Feature of Divalent Cadmium from Industrial Effluent

“…Therefore, whether liquid sheeting technology can operate in a closed manner will be the focus of the research. The volatilization of the organic sheeting fluid is controlled, which can improve the dislodging percentage and stability [ 34 ].…”