A simulation platform for human-machine interaction safety analysis of cyber-physical systems

Fan, Chin-Feng; Chan, Ching-Chieh; Yu, Hsiang‐Yu; Yih, Swu

doi:10.1016/j.ergon.2018.06.008

Cited by 25 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…Moreover, understanding the safety of the physical system of CPSs is the first step to conduct cybersecurity analysis and verification. Therefore, based on our previous research [31], we generate security constraints based on system safety, and provide run-time monitoring to identify attacks. Our attack scenario generation uses an attack-tree based approach as follows: we design an attack tree template for possible OT-level attacks of CPS, and produce various possible attack scenarios by using our general template of the attack tree.…”

Section: Related Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…To provide the possibility of thoroughly exploring the state space and to find the potential problems that may not be discovered by the simulation itself, a combination of possible attacks and HMI was used in the model checking to explore the human-machine interactions more deeply. The study was based on our previous classification of safety assertions [31,33] and systematically generated a set of security constraints for run-time monitoring, followed by the related security verification using model checking, assuming that the violation of these safety constraints was caused by malicious attacks. In summary, the contribution of this work is to develop a constraint-based model checking approach to CPS security design, verification, and run-time monitoring.…”

Section: Related Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Security Verification for Cyber-Physical Systems Using Model Checking

2021

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A malicious attack may endanger human life or pollute environment on a cyber-physical system (CPS). However, successfully attacking a CPS needs not only the knowledge of information technology (IT) but also the domain knowledge of the system's operation technology (OT). Therefore, it is critical to identify the vulnerabilities of a CPS. This paper proposes a systematic method for the security verification of a CPS, focusing on OT by using model checking with UPPAAL, so as to enhance cyber security. In our security analysis, we considered unsafe situations to be the result of a potentially effective security attack. Thus, we suggested a systematic method to generate security constraints based on the safety constraints (or safety checks) of the CPS and then enhance these security constraints by security verification using model checking with UPPAAL. UPPAAL's simulation tool can perform a detailed search for each state in various possible model combinations and can explore human-computer interactions more deeply. The contributions of our method are as follows: First, a systematic method is proposed to generate security constraints based on the overall safety requirements at the OT level. Second, the security constraints thus generated can be used for run-time monitoring to identify the possible security attacks when they are violated. Third, this paper proposes to augment normal system modeling with a suggested Attack Module to simulate the potential OT attacks. Finally, the verification results may be used in the following twofold directions: to identify the vulnerabilities for possible design improvements and to suggest the further additions of security constraints.

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Section: Related Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Related Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

Security Verification for Cyber-Physical Systems Using Model Checking

2021

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“…We designed and implemented the PRMWFA-ACPS with Ptolemy, which was developed by Berkeley University in the United States [40]- [41]. We used the role-oriented and model stratification to design the PRMWFA-ACPS, and we applied ports to complete the system construction and data communication.…”

Section: Prmwfa-cps Design In Ptolemymentioning

confidence: 99%

Precision Regulation Model of Water and Fertilizer for Alfalfa Based on Agriculture Cyber-Physical System

Liu

Zhang

et al. 2020

IEEE Access

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The regulation of water and fertilizer for alfalfa growth is not precise enough because the regulation strategy cannot track alfalfa growth dynamically. In this paper, we propose a precision regulation model of water and fertilizer for alfalfa based on agriculture cyber-physical system (ACPS) for irrigation and fertilizer management in alfalfa (PRMWFA-ACPS). The proposed PRMWFA-ACPS is a comprehensive model that includes the biophysical submodel, the computation submodel of water and fertilizer regulation, and the interaction of the submodels for both. The proposed model interacts with the alfalfa growth and its physical environment along with the irrigation strategy to improve the precise regulation of water and fertilizer. To verify the performance of the proposed model, we develop a simulation platform for PRMWFA-ACPS based on Ptolemy. Through physical experiments performed in the field at the Ningxia irrigation area of the Yellow River over three years (2016-2018), we verified and analyzed PRMWFA-ACPS by comparing the simulated and measured values, such as the growth period, leaf area index, soil water content and alfalfa yield. The experimental results show that the mean relative error of the growth period simulated by the model is between 1.9% and 6.8%, the mean relative error of the leaf area index simulated by the model is between 2.1% and 9.8%, the mean relative error of the soil water content simulated by the model is between 4.3% and 12.8%, and the mean relative error of the yield simulated by the model is between 1.2% and 14.3%. These findings indicate that PRMWFA-ACPS has promising applicability to the Ningxia irrigation area of the Yellow River and improves the accurate regulation of water and fertilizer application to alfalfa in a complex physical environment. INDEX TERMS Alfalfa, agriculture cyber-physical system, precise regulation, growth model, Ptolemy.

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“…In smart manufacturing environment, although many operations are executed automatically, human errors are still of great importance, especially omissions and the incorrect selection of variants. Human failure modes include misuse, false indication, and mode confusion [52]. Based on these modes, a CPS safety analysis and simulation platform called CP-SAP is developed and a cyber-physical human dynamic fault tree is designed in [52].…”

Section: Human Limitation Managementmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Human failure modes include misuse, false indication, and mode confusion [52]. Based on these modes, a CPS safety analysis and simulation platform called CP-SAP is developed and a cyber-physical human dynamic fault tree is designed in [52]. In order to access human errors, human errors probability (HEP) and human reliability probability (HRP) are proposed as indicators for the relative occurrence of errors and respectively faultless actions [51].…”

Section: Human Limitation Managementmentioning

confidence: 99%

Anthropocentric Approach for Smart Assembly: Integration and Collaboration

Tan

Tong

et al. 2019

Journal of Robotics

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Recently, anthropocentric or human-centric approaches renewed its importance in smart manufacturing especially for assembly applications where human dexterity and informal knowledge are dispensable at present and in the near future. This paper analyzes the integration, design, and collaboration issues regarding anthropocentric researches in the past few years mainly in assembly domain. First of all, towards closed-loop system integration, the researches on integrating human in the cyber-physical system are elaborated and summarized. Then, human-centric designs (HCD) especially in shop-floor assembly field are analyzed. To emphasize human-robot hybrid assembly, several related issues including collaboration paradigm, task planning and assignment, interaction interfaces, and safety are discussed. At last, a survey on human cognitive and social limitation management is elaborated. Related research challenges and directions are discussed.

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A simulation platform for human-machine interaction safety analysis of cyber-physical systems

Cited by 25 publications

References 7 publications

Security Verification for Cyber-Physical Systems Using Model Checking

Security Verification for Cyber-Physical Systems Using Model Checking

Precision Regulation Model of Water and Fertilizer for Alfalfa Based on Agriculture Cyber-Physical System

Anthropocentric Approach for Smart Assembly: Integration and Collaboration

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