A simulation of New Zealand's climate during the Last Glacial Maximum

Drost, Frank; Renwick, James; Bhaskaran, B.; Oliver, Hilary; McGregor, James

doi:10.1016/j.quascirev.2007.06.005

Cited by 57 publications

(78 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…As was determined in earlier studies, the global model overestimates the strength of the westerly winds (e.g. Pope et al, 2000;Bhaskaran and Mullan, 2002;Drost, 2005;Drost et al, 2006). It is therefore expected that some of the correlation patterns of the simulation will differ from those of the observed data.…”

Section: Temperaturementioning

confidence: 69%

“…For that reason, it is important to correctly simulate the general circulation the RCM is embedded in. Detailed descriptions of the performance of HadAM3H under pre-industrial settings were presented in several studies (Drost, 2005;Drost et al, 2005b;Drost et al, 2006). It was determined that the Southern Hemisphere's general circulation in the simulation had an enhanced zonal wave number 3 pattern at mid -to highlatitudes and that the modelled mid-latitude westerlies were somewhat too strong.…”

Section: Model Description and Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This is particularly 1158 F. DROST ET AL. significant during September-November (SON), when the largest biases occurred in the GCM simulated midlatitude westerly winds (Drost, 2005;Drost et al, 2006). High surface temperatures in the east could also be caused by the considerable reduced precipitation there (see the discussion in Section 3.2).…”

Section: Temperaturementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Trenberth and Mo (1985) and Trenberth (1986) had found a positive connection between the amplitude of the wave number 3 pattern of the mean zonal circulation and blocking. Since the mean zonal circulation in the global simulation had an enhanced wave number 3 pattern (Drost, 2005;Drost et al, 2006), it could be expected that a feature such as blocking might show up in the correlation patterns of MSLP with temperature. The possibility of an increase in blocking during JJA is further illustrated by Figure 4.…”

Section: Mammentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Giorgi and Marinucci (1996) discussed how an increase in horizontal resolution does not necessarily result in an improvement in the simulation of some aspects of precipitation without proper tuning of the appropriate parameterizations. Although the grid box fractions over which convective and large-scale precipitation were adjusted to account for the higher resolution of the RCM (Drost, 2005), it remained difficult to simulate the precipitation correctly. In simulating an extreme precipitation event along the west coast of the South Island, Katzfey (1995) found that an increase in horizontal resolution together with a more accurate representation of the orography captured the observed distribution of precipitation better.…”

Section: Precipitationmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Simulation of New Zealand's climate using a high‐resolution nested regional climate model

Drost

Renwick

Bhaskaran

et al. 2006

Intl Journal of Climatology

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Abstract:A regional climate model (RCM) for New Zealand has been developed. The RCM is embedded within a GCM and both models are run under pre-industrial conditions. Seasonal mean output of the RCM is compared against NCEP data and the New Zealand national climate database. Regional and seasonal aspects of modelled surface temperature and precipitation are to a large extent simulated correctly. The main anomalies are related to the difficulty of incorporating New Zealand's orography appropriately and to the initial and lateral boundary conditions, which were supplied by the GCM. The largest anomalies occur over the Southern Alps, where the modelled temperatures are too low and where the amount of precipitation is too high. Many parts of the east coasts in both the North and South Island are too warm and too dry. Correlation patterns of temperature and precipitation with mean sea-level pressure differ considerably from the equivalent patterns constructed from NCEP data, but do show in general the dominant relationships between wind direction and temperature and precipitation.

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Section: Temperaturementioning

confidence: 69%

Section: Model Description and Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Temperaturementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Mammentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Precipitationmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Simulation of New Zealand's climate using a high‐resolution nested regional climate model

Drost

Renwick

Bhaskaran

et al. 2006

Intl Journal of Climatology

Self Cite

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Late Quaternary glacier sensitivity to temperature and precipitation distribution in the Southern Alps of New Zealand

Rowan

Brocklehurst

Schultz

et al. 2014

J. Geophys. Res. Earth Surf.

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Glaciers respond to climate variations and leave geomorphic evidence that represents an important terrestrial paleoclimate record. However, the accuracy of paleoclimate reconstructions from glacial geology is limited by the challenge of representing mountain meteorology in numerical models. Precipitation is usually treated in a simple manner and yet represents difficult-to-characterize variables such as amount, distribution, and phase. Furthermore, precipitation distributions during a glacial probably differed from present-day interglacial patterns. We applied two models to investigate glacier sensitivity to temperature and precipitation in the eastern Southern Alps of New Zealand. A 2-D model was used to quantify variations in the length of the reconstructed glaciers resulting from plausible precipitation distributions compared to variations in length resulting from change in mean annual air temperature and precipitation amount. A 1-D model was used to quantify variations in length resulting from interannual climate variability. Assuming that present-day interglacial values represent precipitation distributions during the last glacial, a range of plausible present-day precipitation distributions resulted in uncertainty in the Last Glacial Maximum length of the Pukaki Glacier of 17.1 km (24%) and the Rakaia Glacier of 9.3 km (25%), corresponding to a 0.5°C difference in temperature. Smaller changes in glacier length resulted from a 50% decrease in precipitation amount from present-day values (À14% and À18%) and from a 50% increase in precipitation amount (5% and 9%). Our results demonstrate that precipitation distribution can produce considerable variation in simulated glacier extents and that reconstructions of paleoglaciers should include this uncertainty.

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Sensitivity of Southern Hemisphere circulation to LGM and 4 × CO2 climates

Rojas

2013

Geophysical Research Letters

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[1] This paper investigates the effect of Last Glacial Maximum (LGM) versus high CO 2 world boundary condition on the Southern Hemisphere atmospheric circulation, in particular on the strength and latitudinal position of the near surface Southern Westerly Winds (SWW). PMIP2 and PMIP3 experiments, as well as the "abrupt 4 CO2" simulations from CMIP5, were analyzed. Robust findings include poleward expansion of the Mean Meridional Circulation (MMC) and intensified and poleward-shifted SWW in the 4 CO2 simulations (consistent with recent observations and 21st century climate change projections); and for the LGM, stronger and southward shifted northern hemisphere MMC, and weakened southern Hadley cell. However, six of the eight LGM simulations show a decrease in the SWW, the other two models simulate the opposite. A critical difference between the models is strong coupling between sea-ice extent, surface temperature gradients, SWW, and Ferrel cell in the two models with stronger and poleward-shifted SWW.

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A simulation of New Zealand's climate during the Last Glacial Maximum

Cited by 57 publications

References 30 publications

Simulation of New Zealand's climate using a high‐resolution nested regional climate model

Simulation of New Zealand's climate using a high‐resolution nested regional climate model

Late Quaternary glacier sensitivity to temperature and precipitation distribution in the Southern Alps of New Zealand

Sensitivity of Southern Hemisphere circulation to LGM and 4 × CO2 climates

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